EMT Exam Chapters 1-10
______ safety comes first. If threatened, __________ immediately - ANS -OUR, LEAVE
\ALWAYS wear a ___________________ on the scene of a motor vehicle collision - ANS
-reflective vest (or clothing); it provides the best protection for us
\anatomic position - ANS -the universal reference when discussing human anatomy; a person
standing, facing forward, with palms forward
\anterior - ANS -the front of the body/body part
\bilateral - ANS -both sides
\bradycardia - ANS -abnormally slow heartbeat
\bradypnea - ANS -slow breathing
\central nervous system (CNS) - ANS -composed of the brain and spinal cord; key function is
consciousness
\Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - ANS -can rarely cause breathing to slow or
stop if they have too much oxygen; their respiratory drive is stimulated by O2 instead of CO2;
their bodies think they don't have to breathe anymore because they have enough O2; however,
never withhold oxygen from a patient
\distal - ANS -farther away from torso
\dorsal - ANS -referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand/foot
\Duty to Act - ANS -an obligation to provide emergency care to a patient; EMTs on an
ambulance/who are dispatched have a duty to act if there is no threat to safety
\emergency move - ANS -when a patient must be moved to a safe place quickly; used if the
scene is hazardous, the care of life-threatening conditions requires repositioning, if you must
reach other patients
\Enhanced 911 (E-911) - ANS -a system that has the capability to automatically identify a caller's
phone # and location, so even if the patient loses consciousness, they will still be able to send
emergency personnel to the scene
\exhalation - ANS -passive process where the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, and
positive pressure pushes air out of the lungs
\fontanelles - ANS -areas in the skull that are not fused at birth; sunken fontanelles can indicate
dehydration and bulging fontanelles can indicate increased pressure in the skull
\Good Samaritan Law - ANS -a series of laws that are designed to provide limited legal
protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are administering emergency
care
\hemoglobin - ANS -in red blood cells and carries/binds to oxygen, allowing for oxygenation
\Hepatitis B - ANS -aka HBV; a deadly disease that causes the inflammation of the liver and can
live on surfaces in dried blood for days and killed hundreds of health care workers each year
before a vaccine was made avaliable
\HIPAA - ANS -The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; a federal law protecting
the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over
how this information is used and distributed
, \histamine - ANS -chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased permeability
of capillaries
\In order for a patient to refuse care or transport, what conditions must be fulfilled? - ANS
-patient must be alert/oriented, be able to make their own decisions; it is the EMT's duty to
inform them of their situation and of the possible implications of refusing care
\inferior - ANS -away from the head (usually compared with another structure closer to the head)
exp. lips are _______ to the nose
\inhalation - ANS -active process where diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, the
diaphragm moves downward, and ribs move upward and outward
\lateral - ANS -to the side, away from the midline of the body
\medial - ANS -toward the midline of the body
\Medical Director - ANS -A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for medical direction,
the patient-care aspects of the EMS system; oversees training, develops protocols, and is a
crucial part of the quality improvement process
\mid-axillary line - ANS -a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
\mid-clavicular line - ANS -the line through the center of each clavicale (picture not correct)
\nervous system - ANS -consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve tissue; transmits impulses
that govern sensation, movement, and thought; controls the body's voluntary and involuntary
activity
\non-rebreather mask - ANS -not everyone can tolerate; use a nasal cannula if they need
oxygen and won't agree to NRB; make sure to fill the bag first
\normal range for heart rate - ANS -60-100 bpm
\normal range for respiratory rate - ANS -12-20 breaths per minute
\normal range systolic blood pressure - ANS -less than 120 mmHg (millimeters of mercury)
\normal vital signs for a 26 month old - ANS --heart rate: 80-130 bpm
-respiratory rate: 20-30 per minute
-systolic blood pressure: 70-100 mmHg
\normal vital signs for a 4-year old - ANS --heart rate: 80-120 bpm
-respiratory rate: 20-30 per minute
-systolic blood pressure: 80-110 mmHg
\normal vital signs for a school aged child - ANS --heart rate: 70-110 bpm
-respiratory rate: 20-30 per minute
-systolic blood pressure: 80-120 mmHg
\palmar - ANS -referring to the palm of the hand
\pancreas - ANS -secretes juices that assists in breaking down proteins, carbohydrates, and fat
(exp. releases insulin for regulating sugar)
\patent airway - ANS -open airway that can move air in and out of the chest
\patient assessment - ANS -finding out enough about what is wrong with a patient to be able to
provide the appropriate emergency care; always precedes emergency care
\peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANS -consists of sensory nerves (pick up info from the body
and transmit it to spinal cord and brain) and motor nerves (carry messages from brain to body)
\plantar - ANS -referring to the sole of the foot
\posterior - ANS -the back of the body or body part
______ safety comes first. If threatened, __________ immediately - ANS -OUR, LEAVE
\ALWAYS wear a ___________________ on the scene of a motor vehicle collision - ANS
-reflective vest (or clothing); it provides the best protection for us
\anatomic position - ANS -the universal reference when discussing human anatomy; a person
standing, facing forward, with palms forward
\anterior - ANS -the front of the body/body part
\bilateral - ANS -both sides
\bradycardia - ANS -abnormally slow heartbeat
\bradypnea - ANS -slow breathing
\central nervous system (CNS) - ANS -composed of the brain and spinal cord; key function is
consciousness
\Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - ANS -can rarely cause breathing to slow or
stop if they have too much oxygen; their respiratory drive is stimulated by O2 instead of CO2;
their bodies think they don't have to breathe anymore because they have enough O2; however,
never withhold oxygen from a patient
\distal - ANS -farther away from torso
\dorsal - ANS -referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand/foot
\Duty to Act - ANS -an obligation to provide emergency care to a patient; EMTs on an
ambulance/who are dispatched have a duty to act if there is no threat to safety
\emergency move - ANS -when a patient must be moved to a safe place quickly; used if the
scene is hazardous, the care of life-threatening conditions requires repositioning, if you must
reach other patients
\Enhanced 911 (E-911) - ANS -a system that has the capability to automatically identify a caller's
phone # and location, so even if the patient loses consciousness, they will still be able to send
emergency personnel to the scene
\exhalation - ANS -passive process where the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, and
positive pressure pushes air out of the lungs
\fontanelles - ANS -areas in the skull that are not fused at birth; sunken fontanelles can indicate
dehydration and bulging fontanelles can indicate increased pressure in the skull
\Good Samaritan Law - ANS -a series of laws that are designed to provide limited legal
protection for citizens and some health care personnel when they are administering emergency
care
\hemoglobin - ANS -in red blood cells and carries/binds to oxygen, allowing for oxygenation
\Hepatitis B - ANS -aka HBV; a deadly disease that causes the inflammation of the liver and can
live on surfaces in dried blood for days and killed hundreds of health care workers each year
before a vaccine was made avaliable
\HIPAA - ANS -The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; a federal law protecting
the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over
how this information is used and distributed
, \histamine - ANS -chemical stored in mast cells that triggers dilation and increased permeability
of capillaries
\In order for a patient to refuse care or transport, what conditions must be fulfilled? - ANS
-patient must be alert/oriented, be able to make their own decisions; it is the EMT's duty to
inform them of their situation and of the possible implications of refusing care
\inferior - ANS -away from the head (usually compared with another structure closer to the head)
exp. lips are _______ to the nose
\inhalation - ANS -active process where diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, the
diaphragm moves downward, and ribs move upward and outward
\lateral - ANS -to the side, away from the midline of the body
\medial - ANS -toward the midline of the body
\Medical Director - ANS -A physician who assumes ultimate responsibility for medical direction,
the patient-care aspects of the EMS system; oversees training, develops protocols, and is a
crucial part of the quality improvement process
\mid-axillary line - ANS -a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle
\mid-clavicular line - ANS -the line through the center of each clavicale (picture not correct)
\nervous system - ANS -consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve tissue; transmits impulses
that govern sensation, movement, and thought; controls the body's voluntary and involuntary
activity
\non-rebreather mask - ANS -not everyone can tolerate; use a nasal cannula if they need
oxygen and won't agree to NRB; make sure to fill the bag first
\normal range for heart rate - ANS -60-100 bpm
\normal range for respiratory rate - ANS -12-20 breaths per minute
\normal range systolic blood pressure - ANS -less than 120 mmHg (millimeters of mercury)
\normal vital signs for a 26 month old - ANS --heart rate: 80-130 bpm
-respiratory rate: 20-30 per minute
-systolic blood pressure: 70-100 mmHg
\normal vital signs for a 4-year old - ANS --heart rate: 80-120 bpm
-respiratory rate: 20-30 per minute
-systolic blood pressure: 80-110 mmHg
\normal vital signs for a school aged child - ANS --heart rate: 70-110 bpm
-respiratory rate: 20-30 per minute
-systolic blood pressure: 80-120 mmHg
\palmar - ANS -referring to the palm of the hand
\pancreas - ANS -secretes juices that assists in breaking down proteins, carbohydrates, and fat
(exp. releases insulin for regulating sugar)
\patent airway - ANS -open airway that can move air in and out of the chest
\patient assessment - ANS -finding out enough about what is wrong with a patient to be able to
provide the appropriate emergency care; always precedes emergency care
\peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANS -consists of sensory nerves (pick up info from the body
and transmit it to spinal cord and brain) and motor nerves (carry messages from brain to body)
\plantar - ANS -referring to the sole of the foot
\posterior - ANS -the back of the body or body part
