N125 Exam 4 with 100 Questions & 100% Correct
Solutions
Define hesitancy and list the cause
- Delay in start of urinary stream when voiding
- cause: Anxiety (e.g., voiding in public restroom), Bladder outlet obstruction (e.g.,
prostate enlargement, urethral stricture)
Define dribbling and list the cause
- Leakage of small amounts of urine despite voluntary control of micturition
- cause: Bladder outlet obstruction (e.g., prostatic enlargement) Incomplete bladder
emptying, Stress incontinence
Define urgency and list the cause
- An immediate and strong desire to void that is not easily deferred
- cause: Full bladder, Urinary tract infection, Inflammation or irritation of the bladder,
Overactive bladder
Define frequency and list the cause
- Voiding more than 8 times during waking hours and/or at decreased intervals, such as
less than every 2 hours
- cause: High volumes of fluid intake, Bladder irritants (e.g., caffeine), Urinary tract
infection, Increased pressure on bladder (e.g., pregnancy), Bladder outlet obstruction
(e.g., prostate enlargement, pelvic organ prolapse), Overactive bladder
Characteristics of Syphilitic Chancre in males?
- Begins within 2 to 4 weeks of infection as a small, solitary, silvery papule that erodes to
a red, round or oval, superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous discharge.
,- Palpation reveals a non-tender indurated base that can be lifted like a button between
the thumb and the finger.
- Lymph nodes enlarge early but are non-tender.
- This is an STI easily treated with penicillin G; but untreated it leads to cardiac and
neurologic problems and blindness.
Characteristics of Syphilitic Chancre in females
- Severe perineal itching.
- This STI begins as a small, solitary silvery papule that erodes to a red, round or oval,
superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous discharge.
- Palpation—Non-tender indurated base; can be lifted like a button between thumb and
finger.
- Non-tender inguinal lymphadenopathy. May go unnoticed; resolves spontaneously.
- But secondary syphilis follows: fever, lymphadenopathy, mucocutaneous red rash, sore
throat.
Characteristics of a Herpes infection in males
- Clusters of small vesicles with surrounding erythema, which are often painful and
erupt on the glans, foreskin, or anus.
- These rupture to form superficial ulcers.
- May have mild tingling before outbreak or shooting pain in buttock or leg.
- The virus remains dormant indefinitely; recurrent infections last 3 to 10 days with
milder symptoms.
Characteristics of a Herpes infection in females
- Episodes of local pain, dysuria, fever, headache, malaise, or asymptomatic
- HSV2 presents as clusters of small, shallow vesicles with surrounding erythema; erupts
on genital areas and inner thigh, usually bilaterally. Also inguinal adenopathy, edema.
, - Progresses through short-lived vesicles (1-3 days), painful ulcers, crusts (2-3 weeks).
Virus remains dormant; symptomatic recurrence in 1st year about 70% to 90%, then less
frequent.
Characteristics of Genital Warts in males
- Soft, pointed, moist, fleshy, painless papules may be single or multiple in a cauliflower-
like patch. Color may be gray, pale yellow, or pink in white males and black or
translucent gray-black in black males.
- They occur on shaft of penis, behind corona, or around the anus where they may grow
into large, grapelike clusters.
- These are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are one of the most common
STIs. The HPV infection is correlated with early onset of sexual activity, infrequent use of
contraception, and multiple sexual partners.
Characteristics of Genital Warts in females
- Painless warty growths; may be unnoticed by woman.
- Pink or flesh-colored, soft, pointed, moist, warty papules. Single or multiple in a
cauliflower-like patch. Occur around vulva, introitus, anus, vagina, cervix.
- HPV infection is the most common STI, especially in adolescents. Risk factors: early age
at menarche and multiple sexual partners.
- Genital warts are less common than cervical lesions but must be treated with topical
medication or surgical removal. Abstain from sex while warts are present.
Characteristics of a Carcinoma Lesion in males
- Begins as red, raised, warty growth or as an ulcer with watery discharge. As it grows,
may necrose and slough.
- Usually painless.
Solutions
Define hesitancy and list the cause
- Delay in start of urinary stream when voiding
- cause: Anxiety (e.g., voiding in public restroom), Bladder outlet obstruction (e.g.,
prostate enlargement, urethral stricture)
Define dribbling and list the cause
- Leakage of small amounts of urine despite voluntary control of micturition
- cause: Bladder outlet obstruction (e.g., prostatic enlargement) Incomplete bladder
emptying, Stress incontinence
Define urgency and list the cause
- An immediate and strong desire to void that is not easily deferred
- cause: Full bladder, Urinary tract infection, Inflammation or irritation of the bladder,
Overactive bladder
Define frequency and list the cause
- Voiding more than 8 times during waking hours and/or at decreased intervals, such as
less than every 2 hours
- cause: High volumes of fluid intake, Bladder irritants (e.g., caffeine), Urinary tract
infection, Increased pressure on bladder (e.g., pregnancy), Bladder outlet obstruction
(e.g., prostate enlargement, pelvic organ prolapse), Overactive bladder
Characteristics of Syphilitic Chancre in males?
- Begins within 2 to 4 weeks of infection as a small, solitary, silvery papule that erodes to
a red, round or oval, superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous discharge.
,- Palpation reveals a non-tender indurated base that can be lifted like a button between
the thumb and the finger.
- Lymph nodes enlarge early but are non-tender.
- This is an STI easily treated with penicillin G; but untreated it leads to cardiac and
neurologic problems and blindness.
Characteristics of Syphilitic Chancre in females
- Severe perineal itching.
- This STI begins as a small, solitary silvery papule that erodes to a red, round or oval,
superficial ulcer with a yellowish serous discharge.
- Palpation—Non-tender indurated base; can be lifted like a button between thumb and
finger.
- Non-tender inguinal lymphadenopathy. May go unnoticed; resolves spontaneously.
- But secondary syphilis follows: fever, lymphadenopathy, mucocutaneous red rash, sore
throat.
Characteristics of a Herpes infection in males
- Clusters of small vesicles with surrounding erythema, which are often painful and
erupt on the glans, foreskin, or anus.
- These rupture to form superficial ulcers.
- May have mild tingling before outbreak or shooting pain in buttock or leg.
- The virus remains dormant indefinitely; recurrent infections last 3 to 10 days with
milder symptoms.
Characteristics of a Herpes infection in females
- Episodes of local pain, dysuria, fever, headache, malaise, or asymptomatic
- HSV2 presents as clusters of small, shallow vesicles with surrounding erythema; erupts
on genital areas and inner thigh, usually bilaterally. Also inguinal adenopathy, edema.
, - Progresses through short-lived vesicles (1-3 days), painful ulcers, crusts (2-3 weeks).
Virus remains dormant; symptomatic recurrence in 1st year about 70% to 90%, then less
frequent.
Characteristics of Genital Warts in males
- Soft, pointed, moist, fleshy, painless papules may be single or multiple in a cauliflower-
like patch. Color may be gray, pale yellow, or pink in white males and black or
translucent gray-black in black males.
- They occur on shaft of penis, behind corona, or around the anus where they may grow
into large, grapelike clusters.
- These are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are one of the most common
STIs. The HPV infection is correlated with early onset of sexual activity, infrequent use of
contraception, and multiple sexual partners.
Characteristics of Genital Warts in females
- Painless warty growths; may be unnoticed by woman.
- Pink or flesh-colored, soft, pointed, moist, warty papules. Single or multiple in a
cauliflower-like patch. Occur around vulva, introitus, anus, vagina, cervix.
- HPV infection is the most common STI, especially in adolescents. Risk factors: early age
at menarche and multiple sexual partners.
- Genital warts are less common than cervical lesions but must be treated with topical
medication or surgical removal. Abstain from sex while warts are present.
Characteristics of a Carcinoma Lesion in males
- Begins as red, raised, warty growth or as an ulcer with watery discharge. As it grows,
may necrose and slough.
- Usually painless.
