Openstax Microbiology - Chapter 14 Antimicrobial Drugs Latest Update 2025 Questions Answered
Correctly
chemotherapy - Answers the use of drugs to treat a disease
anitmicrobial drugs - Answers interfere with growth of microbes within a host
antibiotic - Answers a substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe
selective toxicity - Answers killing harmful microbes without damaging the host
actinomycetes - Answers source of more than half of all natural antibiotics
all of your streptomycetes
spectrum of antimicrobial activity - Answers easier to fins or develop drugs against prokaryotic cells with
cell walls
harder when pathogen is a eukaryotic cell
viral infections hardest to treat
bactericidal - Answers kill microbes
bacteriostatic - Answers inhibit microbe
narrow spectrum - Answers specific bacteria
broad spectrum - Answers acts against both gram positive and negative
while waiting
for polymicrobic infections and prophylactic prevention
when narrow spectrum has failed
broad spectrum risks - Answers superinfection
superinfection - Answers opportunistic pathogen following treatment with broad spectrum
dosage - Answers amount medicine given during certain time interval
optimum dosage will minimize risk of side effects
dosage factors - Answers weight
liver and kidney history
halflife
, dose dependence(higher dose)
time dependence(longer time)
route of administration - Answers method used to introduce a drug into the body
orally(GI tract and blood stream)
tropical(skin)
parenteral route (injection)
intravenous drug - Answers concentration peaks quickly and gradually decreases
oral or intramuscular drug - Answers takes longer to reach peak
synergism - Answers when two together is greater than either alone, one alone is bacteriostatic,
together they are bactericidal
antagonism - Answers two drugs together is less than either alone, they cancel each other out
penicillin - Answers Bacteria Cell wall target
binds to the transpeptidase enzyme and prevents it from cross-linking the amino acid side chains in the
cell wall
50 chemically related antibiotics
B-lactams with common core structure yet different chemical side chains
natural pencillins - Answers extracted from cultures of the penicillium (G and V)
semisynthetic penicillins - Answers Part of the penicillin is produced naturally by the mold and part is
added synthetically
ampicillin and amoxicillin
B-lactams - Answers Bacteria cell wall target
cephalosporins
monobactam
carbapenems
cephalosporins - Answers increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by B-lactamases
1st (narrow against gram positive)
2nd (extended spectrum includes gram negative)
Correctly
chemotherapy - Answers the use of drugs to treat a disease
anitmicrobial drugs - Answers interfere with growth of microbes within a host
antibiotic - Answers a substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe
selective toxicity - Answers killing harmful microbes without damaging the host
actinomycetes - Answers source of more than half of all natural antibiotics
all of your streptomycetes
spectrum of antimicrobial activity - Answers easier to fins or develop drugs against prokaryotic cells with
cell walls
harder when pathogen is a eukaryotic cell
viral infections hardest to treat
bactericidal - Answers kill microbes
bacteriostatic - Answers inhibit microbe
narrow spectrum - Answers specific bacteria
broad spectrum - Answers acts against both gram positive and negative
while waiting
for polymicrobic infections and prophylactic prevention
when narrow spectrum has failed
broad spectrum risks - Answers superinfection
superinfection - Answers opportunistic pathogen following treatment with broad spectrum
dosage - Answers amount medicine given during certain time interval
optimum dosage will minimize risk of side effects
dosage factors - Answers weight
liver and kidney history
halflife
, dose dependence(higher dose)
time dependence(longer time)
route of administration - Answers method used to introduce a drug into the body
orally(GI tract and blood stream)
tropical(skin)
parenteral route (injection)
intravenous drug - Answers concentration peaks quickly and gradually decreases
oral or intramuscular drug - Answers takes longer to reach peak
synergism - Answers when two together is greater than either alone, one alone is bacteriostatic,
together they are bactericidal
antagonism - Answers two drugs together is less than either alone, they cancel each other out
penicillin - Answers Bacteria Cell wall target
binds to the transpeptidase enzyme and prevents it from cross-linking the amino acid side chains in the
cell wall
50 chemically related antibiotics
B-lactams with common core structure yet different chemical side chains
natural pencillins - Answers extracted from cultures of the penicillium (G and V)
semisynthetic penicillins - Answers Part of the penicillin is produced naturally by the mold and part is
added synthetically
ampicillin and amoxicillin
B-lactams - Answers Bacteria cell wall target
cephalosporins
monobactam
carbapenems
cephalosporins - Answers increased resistance to enzymatic inactivation by B-lactamases
1st (narrow against gram positive)
2nd (extended spectrum includes gram negative)
