NUR2063 Exam 1 Review Summer 2021 Question & Answers

Which of the following assessment findings indicates an alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms? - ANSWERSFever 2. Injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called _____ injury. - ANSWERSischemic 3. The cancer growth continuum is divided into which of the following stages? - ANSWERSInitiation, promotion, progression 4. The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure? - ANSWERSCytoplasm Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy are found in sausage-shaped structures called: - ANSWERSmitochondria 6. A patient presents with hyponatremia. What is the priority assessment for the patient? - ANSWERSMental status changes What is the priority assessment for a patient with a potassium imbalance: - ANSWERSEKG 8. A patient presents with hypomagnesemia, what would the nurse anticipate the calcium levels would be? - ANSWERSlow A patient presents with hypercalcemia. What would the nurse anticipate the phosphorous levels would be? - ANSWERSlow 1. The nurse is teaching a patient who has recently given birth about immunity that has been passed to the baby in utero. Which statement by the patient indicates that additional teaching is needed? - ANSWERS"I had chickenpox and am immune to it, so my baby will not need to have the chickenpox vaccine." 1. In preparing a community teaching program, which information presented by the nurse addresses a type of secondary cancer prevention? - ANSWERSAnnual measurement of prostate-specific antigen levels 1. A 2-day post-op heart transplant patient begins to have fever and signs and symptoms of heart failure. The patient is more than likely experiencing which of the following? - ANSWERSType IV delayed hypersensitivity 1. Which of the following is a complication of chronic stress? - ANSWERSIncreased susceptibility to illness 1. Within minutes after receiving an injection of penicillin, the patient complains of shortness of breath and chest pain. The nurse notifies the patient's healthcare provider because this patient is most likely experiencing which type of hypersensitivity? - ANSWERSType I 1. During which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) have the body's coping methods been completely utilized? - ANSWERSExhaustion 1. Which of the following is a chemical triggered by the sympathetic nervous system made from the adrenal medulla that is responsible for many of the physiological symptoms of the "fight or flight" response? - ANSWERSEpinephrine 1. What disease state results from an inability to differentiate self from non-self? - ANSWERSAutoimmune 1. Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk for impaired immune function? - ANSWERS79-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus 1. The nurse is teaching a community health class about the immune system. The nurse asks the class to list various functions of B cells in immunity. Which responses by students are correct? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWERSA) "They are the first to arrive at the scene of infection." B) "They make all sorts of antibodies." C) "They eat up bacteria, viruses, and parasites." D) "They turn into memory cells that keep the person immune." E) "They release chemicals to stop inflammation when healing is done." B & D 1. Difference between a sign and a symptom - ANSWERSSign - Objective Symptom - Subjective The two types of cells seen during a Type 1 hypersensitivity - ANSWERSMast and Basophil cells Type 2 Hypersensitivity - Blood transfusion - ANSWERS Mantoux test - ANSWERSPPD - TB test What is the etiology of gout - ANSWERSHigh uric acid levels A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of - ANSWERSPrimary prevention A disorder of unknown cause → Idiopathic - ANSWERSTrue Which of the following is a statement about disease pathogenesis? - ANSWERSStrep infection activates immune cells, leading to inflammation An obese teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of - ANSWERSSecondary prevention When potassium intake is less than potassium output (or when potassium shifts from plasma into cells) - ANSWERShypokalemia Intake of water and Na is less than output of water and Na - ANSWERSECV deficit Avoid massive vitamin D supplementation and drink lots of fluids to prevent kidney damage - ANSWERSPatient teaching for hypercalcemia Besides immunity, what other function does the lymphatic system serve - ANSWERSfluid balance Compounds released during stress - ANSWERSCatecholamines / cortisol zQuiz Which of the following statements about interferon is correct? - ANSWERSInterferon binds to surface receptors of cells invaded with a virus Which of the following is associated with specific immunity - ANSWERSimmunoglobulins Injecting a vaccine of a dead or weakened pathogen imparts which type of immunity? - ANSWERSArtificial active immunity Normal potassium levels - ANSWERS3.5-5.5mEq/L What is the purpose of the stress response - ANSWERSrestore balance Holds 1/3 of the body's water - ANSWERSextracellular fluid 135-145 mEq/L - ANSWERSsodium serum range Alarm stage of GAS - ANSWERSincreased heart rate Which space does fluid enter to cause edema - ANSWERSinterstitial compartment Treats hives, pruritis and swelling - ANSWERShistamine and prostaglandin Macrophage is a type of white blood cell which is a phagocyte. - ANSWERSTrue zQuiz Allergies are associated with elevated - ANSWERSeosinophils What causes edema? - ANSWERSIncrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure Oncogene is associated with the initiation of cancer - ANSWERSTrue Gout is caused by the following: - ANSWERSelevated uric acid Glucocorticoids reduce inflammation by - ANSWERSdecreasing the permeability in capillaries Wound edges that are approximated signify the wound is infected - ANSWERSFalse Which of these exemplifies habituation - ANSWERSloud noise no longer causes fight/flight response Ecchymosis means - ANSWERSlarge bruise Purpura means - ANSWERSmedium bruise Tumors "new growth" not all are life threatening; benign or malignant- Describes - ANSWERSneoplasm May be Primary Bone Cancer or Metastatic - ANSWERSClinical manifestation of Chondrosarcoma Shingles is a disorder of herpes zoster and has which of the following clinical manifestations? - ANSWERSPsoriasis Eruption of vesicles along sensory neuron dermatomes Distribution of fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments occurs by - ANSWERSosmosis A patient describes nausea. What is this? - ANSWERSSymptom