Openstax Microbiology - Chapter 2 Exam Solution Manual Fully Solved Latest Update 2025 Already
Passed
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek - Answers "The Father of Microbiology". First person credited for creating a
simple microscope powerful enough to view microbes (animalcules and wee little beasties) during the
1600s
Robert Hooke - Answers Used a compound microscope to observe cells and published his work in
Micrographiain 1665.
-used his (a) compound microscope to view (b)cork cells. Both of these engravings are from his seminal
work Micrographia, published in 1665.
high power - Answers BLUE 40X
oil immersion - Answers 100x; used to improve resolution; Because immersion oil and glass have very
similar refractive indices, there is a minimal amount of refraction before the light reaches the lens.
Without immersion oil, light scatters as it passes through the air above the slide, degrading the
resolution of the image.
Wet Mount - Answers Placingaspecimen on a slide in a drop of liquid or a specimen that is already in an
aqueous solution (urine). Then a coverslip is placed over the liquid/specimen.
>Liquid may be water or dyes may be added to add contrast
Fixing - Answers Is the process of attachingcells to a slide in order to prevent the cells from washing off
during staining processes. Fixing also killsmicroorganisms in the specimen stopping their movement and
metabolism while preserving the integrity of their cellular components.
Heat Fixing - Answers A thin layer of specimen (smear) is spread on the slide then briefly heated over a
heat source.
Chemical fixing - Answers Chemical agents such as acetic acid, ethanol, methanol, formalin
(formaldehyde) and glutaraldehyde are used to denature proteins, stop biochemical reactions, and
stabilize cell structures in tissue samples.
Staining - Answers The addition of a colored dye to a sample in order to increase contrast prior to
observation and in some cases provideinformationregardingthestructureofthespecimen. Stains contain
salts that have a positive ion and a negative ion
Basic Dye - Answers A dye/stain with a positively charged chromophore
Acidic Dye - Answers A dye/stain with a negatively charged chromophore
Positive Stain - Answers A dye that will be absorbed by the specimen adding color to the specimen itself.
uExamples -Basic fuchsin, crystal violet, malachite green, methylene blue, and safranin.
Passed
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek - Answers "The Father of Microbiology". First person credited for creating a
simple microscope powerful enough to view microbes (animalcules and wee little beasties) during the
1600s
Robert Hooke - Answers Used a compound microscope to observe cells and published his work in
Micrographiain 1665.
-used his (a) compound microscope to view (b)cork cells. Both of these engravings are from his seminal
work Micrographia, published in 1665.
high power - Answers BLUE 40X
oil immersion - Answers 100x; used to improve resolution; Because immersion oil and glass have very
similar refractive indices, there is a minimal amount of refraction before the light reaches the lens.
Without immersion oil, light scatters as it passes through the air above the slide, degrading the
resolution of the image.
Wet Mount - Answers Placingaspecimen on a slide in a drop of liquid or a specimen that is already in an
aqueous solution (urine). Then a coverslip is placed over the liquid/specimen.
>Liquid may be water or dyes may be added to add contrast
Fixing - Answers Is the process of attachingcells to a slide in order to prevent the cells from washing off
during staining processes. Fixing also killsmicroorganisms in the specimen stopping their movement and
metabolism while preserving the integrity of their cellular components.
Heat Fixing - Answers A thin layer of specimen (smear) is spread on the slide then briefly heated over a
heat source.
Chemical fixing - Answers Chemical agents such as acetic acid, ethanol, methanol, formalin
(formaldehyde) and glutaraldehyde are used to denature proteins, stop biochemical reactions, and
stabilize cell structures in tissue samples.
Staining - Answers The addition of a colored dye to a sample in order to increase contrast prior to
observation and in some cases provideinformationregardingthestructureofthespecimen. Stains contain
salts that have a positive ion and a negative ion
Basic Dye - Answers A dye/stain with a positively charged chromophore
Acidic Dye - Answers A dye/stain with a negatively charged chromophore
Positive Stain - Answers A dye that will be absorbed by the specimen adding color to the specimen itself.
uExamples -Basic fuchsin, crystal violet, malachite green, methylene blue, and safranin.
