CANS Exam Study Guide with Accurate Solutions
General Systems Theory- Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1936) - ANSWER A common
framework for studying several similar disciplines would allow scientists and scholars to
organize and communicate findings, making it easier to build on the work of others.
Components of Systems - ANSWER -Input: material that enters a system
-Throughput: processes a system uses to convert material
-Output: end result or product of the system
-Evaluation: measures the success or failure of the output
-Feedback: information given back into the system to determine whether the purpose
or end result of the system has been achieved
Hospital as a System - ANSWER The success of the hospital depends on the functioning
of many subsystems
First: The whole is different from and greater than the sum of its parts (its subsystems).
Second: Synergy occurs when all the various subsystems work together to create a
result that is not independently achievable.
Supra-system - ANSWER The larger environment outside the system
An OPEN system - ANSWER promotes the exchange of matter, energy, and information
with other systems and the environment.
A CLOSED system - ANSWER does not interact with other systems or with the
surrounding environment
,Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER 1) Physiologic needs - food, oxygen, rest,
activity, shelter, and sexual expression
2) Physical and psychological safety and security - reasonably predictable environment
with which one has some familiarity and relative freedom from fear and chaos
3) Love and belonging - close intimate relations, social relations, a place in the social
structure
4) Self-esteem - need to feel self-worth, self-respect, and self-reliance
5) Self actualization - realized maximum potential
Various environmental systems: - ANSWER family, cultural, social, poverty,
community/gloabl
WHO's definition of health: - ANSWER a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Healthy People 2020 - ANSWER addresses a small set of health issues that are significant
threats to the health and the public.
26 leading health indicators. These indicators are organized into 12 topic areas on
quality of life, healthy behaviors, and healthy human development across the life span.
Health Beliefs Model
Rosenstock (1966, 1990) - ANSWER = "why some people change their health behaviors
while others do not."
Three components:
1. An evaluation of one's vulnerability to a condition and the seriousness of that
condition
, 2. An evaluation of how effective the health maintenance behavior might be
3. The presence of a trigger event that precipitates the health maintenance behavior
Self-Efficacy Concept
Bandura (1997) - ANSWER Self-efficacy is the belief in oneself as having the ability to
modify behavior
Four components for effective lifestyle change:
1) Information
2) Skill development
3) Skill enhancement through guided practice and feedback
4) Creating social supports for change
Also described a type of socialization, modeling, which is useful when learning any new
behavior (1977).
Locus of control: - ANSWER People tend to be influenced by either internal or external
view of control.
-Health is internally controlled. Belief that health is controlled by what they themselves
do.
OR
-Health is externally controlled. Belief that health is determined by outside factors.
Holistic nursing care: - ANSWER nourishes the whole person - the body, mind, and spirit.
General Systems Theory- Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1936) - ANSWER A common
framework for studying several similar disciplines would allow scientists and scholars to
organize and communicate findings, making it easier to build on the work of others.
Components of Systems - ANSWER -Input: material that enters a system
-Throughput: processes a system uses to convert material
-Output: end result or product of the system
-Evaluation: measures the success or failure of the output
-Feedback: information given back into the system to determine whether the purpose
or end result of the system has been achieved
Hospital as a System - ANSWER The success of the hospital depends on the functioning
of many subsystems
First: The whole is different from and greater than the sum of its parts (its subsystems).
Second: Synergy occurs when all the various subsystems work together to create a
result that is not independently achievable.
Supra-system - ANSWER The larger environment outside the system
An OPEN system - ANSWER promotes the exchange of matter, energy, and information
with other systems and the environment.
A CLOSED system - ANSWER does not interact with other systems or with the
surrounding environment
,Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER 1) Physiologic needs - food, oxygen, rest,
activity, shelter, and sexual expression
2) Physical and psychological safety and security - reasonably predictable environment
with which one has some familiarity and relative freedom from fear and chaos
3) Love and belonging - close intimate relations, social relations, a place in the social
structure
4) Self-esteem - need to feel self-worth, self-respect, and self-reliance
5) Self actualization - realized maximum potential
Various environmental systems: - ANSWER family, cultural, social, poverty,
community/gloabl
WHO's definition of health: - ANSWER a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Healthy People 2020 - ANSWER addresses a small set of health issues that are significant
threats to the health and the public.
26 leading health indicators. These indicators are organized into 12 topic areas on
quality of life, healthy behaviors, and healthy human development across the life span.
Health Beliefs Model
Rosenstock (1966, 1990) - ANSWER = "why some people change their health behaviors
while others do not."
Three components:
1. An evaluation of one's vulnerability to a condition and the seriousness of that
condition
, 2. An evaluation of how effective the health maintenance behavior might be
3. The presence of a trigger event that precipitates the health maintenance behavior
Self-Efficacy Concept
Bandura (1997) - ANSWER Self-efficacy is the belief in oneself as having the ability to
modify behavior
Four components for effective lifestyle change:
1) Information
2) Skill development
3) Skill enhancement through guided practice and feedback
4) Creating social supports for change
Also described a type of socialization, modeling, which is useful when learning any new
behavior (1977).
Locus of control: - ANSWER People tend to be influenced by either internal or external
view of control.
-Health is internally controlled. Belief that health is controlled by what they themselves
do.
OR
-Health is externally controlled. Belief that health is determined by outside factors.
Holistic nursing care: - ANSWER nourishes the whole person - the body, mind, and spirit.
