Examl 3:l NSG3850l /l NSGl 3850l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Pathophysiologyl IIl
Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
Q:l Riskl factorsl forl urinaryl incontinence
Answer:
Cognitivel impairment,l limitationsl inl dailyl activities,l institutionalization,l stroke,l diabetes,l
obesity,l poorl generall health,l comorbidities
Q:l Monitorl thel elderlyl duel to
Answer:
decreasedl GFR
Q:l Howl tol avoidl incontinence
Answer:
Caffeine,l carbonation,l alcohol,l orl artificiall sweetenerl
Establishl al voidingl schedule
Q:l Avoidl takingl diureticsl after
Answer:
4pm
,Q:l Voidl aboutl _____________l timesl al dayl whichl isl everyl 2-3l hours
Answer:
5l tol 8
Q:l Causesl ofl transientl incontinence
Answer:
-Atrophicl vaginitis,l urethritis,l prostatitis
-Deliriuml orl confusion
-Excessivel urinel productionl (increasedl intake,l diabetes,l diabeticl ketoacidosis)
-Limitedl orl restrictedl activity
-Pharmacologicl agentsl (anticholinergicl agents,l sedatives,l alcohol,l analgesicl agents,l
diuretics,l musclel relaxtants,l adrenergicl agents
-Psychologicall factorsl (depression,l regression)
-Stooll impactionl orl constipation
-Urinaryl tractl infectionsl (UTI)
Q:l Adequatel fluidl intake
Answer:
1500-1600mll
takenl inl smalll increments
Q:l Bestl fluidl isl __________
Answer:
,water
Q:l Encouragel tol limitl thel badl fluids
Answer:
notl takel itl awayl entirely
Q:l Inhibitl bladderl contractionl andl arel consideredl firstl linel medicationsl forl urgel
incontinence
Answer:
Anticholinergicsl (oxybutnin)
Q:l Decreasel bladderl contractionsl asl welll asl increasel bladderl neckl resistance
Answer:
Tricyclicl antidepressantsl (Amitriptyline,l Imipramine)
Q:l actsl onl alpha-adrenergicl receptors,l causingl urinaryl retention,l mayl bel usedl tol treatl
stressl incontinence
Itl needsl tol bel usedl withl cautionl inl menl withl prostaticl hyperplasial andl patientsl withl
hypertensionl (canl exacerbatel thesel issues)
Answer:
Adrenergicl Agonist
, Q:l Decreasedl bladderl ___________________l predisposesl thel olderl personl tol
incontinence.
Answer:
musclel tone
Q:l Incontinencel isl ____________l anl agel relatedl change
Answer:
not
Q:l Isl thel involuntaryl lossl ofl urinel throughl anl intactl urethral asl al resultl ofl sneezing,l
coughing,l orl changingl position
Predominantlyl affectsl womenl whol havel hadl vaginall deliveriesl andl isl thoughtl tol bel thel
resultl ofl decreasingl ligamentl andl pelvicl floorl supportl ofl thel urethral andl decreasingl orl
absentl estrogenl levelsl withinl thel urethrall wallsl andl bladderl base.
Answer:
Stressl incontinence
Q:l Involuntaryl lossl ofl urinel associatedl withl al strongl urgel tol voidl thatl cannotl bel
suppressed
Thel patientl isl awarel ofl thel needl tol voidl butl isl unablel tol reachl al toiletl inl time.
Anl uninhibitedl detrusorl [dəˈtro͞ozər]l contractionl isl thel precipitatingl factor.
Thisl canl occurl inl al patientl withl neurologicl dysfunctionl thatl impairsl inhibitionl ofl
bladderl contractionl orl inl al patientl withoutl overtl neurologicl dysfunction.
Answer:
Urgel incontinence
2025/l 2026l Update)l Pathophysiologyl IIl
Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Galen
Q:l Riskl factorsl forl urinaryl incontinence
Answer:
Cognitivel impairment,l limitationsl inl dailyl activities,l institutionalization,l stroke,l diabetes,l
obesity,l poorl generall health,l comorbidities
Q:l Monitorl thel elderlyl duel to
Answer:
decreasedl GFR
Q:l Howl tol avoidl incontinence
Answer:
Caffeine,l carbonation,l alcohol,l orl artificiall sweetenerl
Establishl al voidingl schedule
Q:l Avoidl takingl diureticsl after
Answer:
4pm
,Q:l Voidl aboutl _____________l timesl al dayl whichl isl everyl 2-3l hours
Answer:
5l tol 8
Q:l Causesl ofl transientl incontinence
Answer:
-Atrophicl vaginitis,l urethritis,l prostatitis
-Deliriuml orl confusion
-Excessivel urinel productionl (increasedl intake,l diabetes,l diabeticl ketoacidosis)
-Limitedl orl restrictedl activity
-Pharmacologicl agentsl (anticholinergicl agents,l sedatives,l alcohol,l analgesicl agents,l
diuretics,l musclel relaxtants,l adrenergicl agents
-Psychologicall factorsl (depression,l regression)
-Stooll impactionl orl constipation
-Urinaryl tractl infectionsl (UTI)
Q:l Adequatel fluidl intake
Answer:
1500-1600mll
takenl inl smalll increments
Q:l Bestl fluidl isl __________
Answer:
,water
Q:l Encouragel tol limitl thel badl fluids
Answer:
notl takel itl awayl entirely
Q:l Inhibitl bladderl contractionl andl arel consideredl firstl linel medicationsl forl urgel
incontinence
Answer:
Anticholinergicsl (oxybutnin)
Q:l Decreasel bladderl contractionsl asl welll asl increasel bladderl neckl resistance
Answer:
Tricyclicl antidepressantsl (Amitriptyline,l Imipramine)
Q:l actsl onl alpha-adrenergicl receptors,l causingl urinaryl retention,l mayl bel usedl tol treatl
stressl incontinence
Itl needsl tol bel usedl withl cautionl inl menl withl prostaticl hyperplasial andl patientsl withl
hypertensionl (canl exacerbatel thesel issues)
Answer:
Adrenergicl Agonist
, Q:l Decreasedl bladderl ___________________l predisposesl thel olderl personl tol
incontinence.
Answer:
musclel tone
Q:l Incontinencel isl ____________l anl agel relatedl change
Answer:
not
Q:l Isl thel involuntaryl lossl ofl urinel throughl anl intactl urethral asl al resultl ofl sneezing,l
coughing,l orl changingl position
Predominantlyl affectsl womenl whol havel hadl vaginall deliveriesl andl isl thoughtl tol bel thel
resultl ofl decreasingl ligamentl andl pelvicl floorl supportl ofl thel urethral andl decreasingl orl
absentl estrogenl levelsl withinl thel urethrall wallsl andl bladderl base.
Answer:
Stressl incontinence
Q:l Involuntaryl lossl ofl urinel associatedl withl al strongl urgel tol voidl thatl cannotl bel
suppressed
Thel patientl isl awarel ofl thel needl tol voidl butl isl unablel tol reachl al toiletl inl time.
Anl uninhibitedl detrusorl [dəˈtro͞ozər]l contractionl isl thel precipitatingl factor.
Thisl canl occurl inl al patientl withl neurologicl dysfunctionl thatl impairsl inhibitionl ofl
bladderl contractionl orl inl al patientl withoutl overtl neurologicl dysfunction.
Answer:
Urgel incontinence
