NURS 5315 MSK

NURS 5315 MSK Bone Cell Function & Remodeling 1. Question: Which bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption? o Options: a. Osteoblast b. Osteocyte c. Osteoclast d. Chondrocyte o Answer: c. Osteoclast 2. Question: What signaling molecule secreted by osteocytes inhibits osteoblast activity? o Options: a. RANK b. Sclerostin c. Cathepsin K d. Osteocalcin o Answer: b. Sclerostin 3. Question: Which of the following is a biochemical marker of osteoblast activity? o Options: a. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) b. Osteocalcin c. Cathepsin K d. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) o Answer: b. Osteocalcin 4. Question: What is the primary function of osteocytes within the bone matrix? o Options: a. Synthesizing osteoid b. Resorbing bone tissue c. Maintaining bone homeostasis d. Initiating fracture repair o Answer: c. Maintaining bone homeostasis 5. Question: Which enzyme is secreted by osteoclasts to degrade the collagen matrix? o Options: a. Alkaline phosphatase b. Cathepsin K c. Acid phosphatase d. Osteopontin o Answer: b. Cathepsin K 6. Statement: Osteoblasts originate from hematopoietic stem cells. o Answer: False (Osteoblasts originate from mesenchymal stem cells.) 7. Statement: The RANKL/OPG ratio is critical in regulating osteoclast activity. o Answer: True 8. Statement: Sclerostin production by osteocytes is increased in response to mechanical loading. o Answer: False (Sclerostin production decreases in response to mechanical loading.) 9. Statement: Vitamin D deficiency leads to impaired collagen synthesis in the bone matrix. o Answer: False (Vitamin D deficiency impairs calcium absorption, while Vitamin C deficiency affects collagen synthesis.) 10. Statement: Osteocytes communicate with neighboring cells through dendritic processes in canaliculi. o Answer: True 11. Question: What is the role of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system in bone remodeling? o Options: a. RANK/RANKL interaction promotes osteoblast differentiation and activity, leading to bone formation. b. OPG binds to RANKL, preventing its interaction with RANK, thereby inhibiting osteoclast activity. c. OPG promotes osteoclast differentiation and increases bone resorption. d. RANK/RANKL interaction inhibits osteoblast activity, reducing bone formation. o Answer: b. OPG binds to RANKL, preventing its interaction with RANK, thereby inhibiting osteoclast activity. 12. Question: What is the primary consequence of excessive osteoclast activity in conditions like osteoporosis? o Options: a. Increased bone formation and density. b. Reduced bone resorption and stronger bones. c. Increased bone resorption, reduced bone density, and a higher risk of fractures. d. Decreased osteoblast activity and delayed fracture healing. o Answer: c. Increased bone resorption, reduced bone density, and a higher risk of fractures. 13. Question: Which of the following are biochemical markers of osteoblast activity? o Options: a. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K. b. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. c. RANKL and osteoprotegerin. d. Collagen and matrix metalloproteinases. o Answer: b. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. 14. Question: How do osteocytes contribute to bone health in response to mechanical stress? o Options: a. By producing RANKL to stimulate osteoclast activity. b. By signaling osteoblasts to increase bone formation and reducing sclerostin production. c. By increasing sclerostin production to enhance bone resorption. d. By inhibiting osteoblast activity and reducing bone density. o Answer: b. By signaling osteoblasts to increase bone formation and reducing sclerostin production. 15. Question: How do hormonal changes during menopause affect bone remodeling? o Options: a. Increased estrogen levels stimulate bone resorption. b. Decreased estrogen levels reduce OPG production, increasing RANKL activity and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. c. Increased estrogen levels inhibit osteoclast activity and promote bone formation. d. Decreased estrogen levels stimulate osteoblast activity, increasing bone density. o Answer: b. Decreased estrogen levels reduce OPG production, increasing RANKL activity and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.