UTMB Patho Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

UTMB Patho Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Erythropoiesis - • The main process of RBC regulation • When decreased oxygen levels are detected, they kidneys release erythropoietin which stimulates the red bone marrow to make and release more RBCs Normocytic - Normal size Microcytic - Small size Macrocytic - Large size Normochromic - Normal color Hypochromic - Low color Megaloblastic - enlarged and abnormally shaped Anemia - Low numbers of RBC's, low hemoglobin, or low hematocrit resulting from autoimmune diseases 2Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 Blood Loss Bone Marrow failure from radiation infection or tumors Erythropoietin insufficiency Hemolysis Malnutrition (Iron, Folate, Vitamin B12/B6) Symptoms of Anemia - Fatigue Shortness of Breath Pallor Low Blood Pressure Anxiety increased Heart Rate Normal RBC count in males - 4.2-5.4 million Normal RBC count in females - 3.6-5.0 Normal Hemoglobin count in males - 14-16.5 Normal Hemoglobin count in females - 12-15 Normal Hematocrit in males - 40-50% 3Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 Normal Hematocrit in females - 37-47% Iron Deficiency Anemia - Impaired oxygen transport due to lack of hemoglobin, tissue hypoxia, microcytic hypochromic anemia Etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia - Dietary Deficiency- not enough iron B12/B6 in diet Bleeding- menstruation, GI Bleeding (NSAIDS), peptic ulcers, polyps, hemorrhoids, cancer Increased Demands- pregnancy, cow's milk without supplementation, Adolescents growth spurts, diet, and menstruation Treatment for Iron Deficiency anemia - Increase dietary intake Ferrous Sulfate Iron Dextran (IM or IV) Hemolytic Amenias - Something in the blood is destr