PLTW Biomedical Science Midterm
Exam Questions and Answers 100%
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Glucagon - ✔✔raises blood sugar levels; antagonistic to insulin
Glucose Tolerance Test - ✔✔tests the body's ability to metabolize glucose when a dose
of glucose is taken into the stomach. Then the glucose level is determined and detects
diabetes.
Homeostasis - ✔✔maintenance of stable internal physiological conditions
Hormone - ✔✔a product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a
stimulating effect on cells
Insulin - ✔✔protein hormone secreted by pancreas that is essential for the breakdown
of glucose in the blood
Negative Feedback - ✔✔homeostasis; a variable that fluctuates the initial (balance)
Positive Feedback - ✔✔feedback that increases its output
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,Type 1 Diabetes - ✔✔diabetes that develops during childhood and doesn't have enough
insulin
Type 2 Diabetes - ✔✔diabetes that develops in adults and often in obese individuals;
the body is unable to cooperate with the insulin on the glucose
ATP - ✔✔supplies energy for cellular processes
Dehydration synthesis - ✔✔water is used to break apart 2 molecules
Ionic Bond - ✔✔bond where there is an attraction between opposite charged atoms
A young patient has an increased thirst and is very fatigued (no energy). The doctors
tell the patient that their pancreas is not functioning properly. This patient most likely
has ______________. - ✔✔Type 1 Diabetes
What is negative feedback? - ✔✔A response to a change in the body that counteracts or
opposes the initial change.
What is positive feedback? - ✔✔Feedback that increases the output of a process.
What is an example of positive feedback? - ✔✔Blood clotting. The initial clotting
triggers the formation of more clots.
What is an example of negative feedback? - ✔✔Insulin response to high blood sugar. If
blood sugar rises, insulin is released to lower blood sugar.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,An out of shape, overweight adult is told that they have developed diabetes. The
patient most likely has ______________. - ✔✔Type 2 diabetes.
In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce ______________. - ✔✔Insulin
What explains the high blood sugar that results from Type 2 diabetes? - ✔✔The
pancreas makes insulin, but it is not used effectively by the cell.
A protein hormone released by the pancreas used to control blood glucose levels. -
✔✔Insulin.
What is homeostasis? - ✔✔The maintenance of stable physiological conditions (such as
body temperature) under changing environmental conditions.
What is the effect of a lack of insulin or insulin that does not work properly in the body?
- ✔✔Blood sugar (glucose) levels build up.
Type 2 diabetes - ✔✔Graph of Glucose Tolerance Test results
Type 1 diabetes - ✔✔Graph of Insulin Concentration Test results
What are the units of food energy? - ✔✔Calories
How are atoms held together? - ✔✔Bonds from between outer shell electrons of atoms.
Where is the energy from food obtained? - ✔✔Energy stored in bonds is released when
bonds are broken during digestion.
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, List the four macromolecules. - ✔✔Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Which atoms make up lipids and carbohydrates? - ✔✔C, H, O
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? - ✔✔A monomer is a single
molecule that is a sub-unit of a polymer. A polymer results when monomers join
together.
Is a lipid a polymer? - ✔✔No, lipids are not made of sub-units joined together.
What are the building blocks of proteins? - ✔✔Amino acids
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? - ✔✔Monosaccharides or simple sugars
What are triglycerides made of? - ✔✔Glycerol and three fatty acids
Which macromolecule is used first for energy? - ✔✔Carbohydrates
What is a polysaccharide made of? - ✔✔Many saccharides (Many sugars)
What type of molecule is a triglyceride? - ✔✔Lipid
Which macromolecule contains 20 different variable group? - ✔✔Protein
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Exam Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
Glucagon - ✔✔raises blood sugar levels; antagonistic to insulin
Glucose Tolerance Test - ✔✔tests the body's ability to metabolize glucose when a dose
of glucose is taken into the stomach. Then the glucose level is determined and detects
diabetes.
Homeostasis - ✔✔maintenance of stable internal physiological conditions
Hormone - ✔✔a product of living cells that circulates in blood and produces a
stimulating effect on cells
Insulin - ✔✔protein hormone secreted by pancreas that is essential for the breakdown
of glucose in the blood
Negative Feedback - ✔✔homeostasis; a variable that fluctuates the initial (balance)
Positive Feedback - ✔✔feedback that increases its output
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Type 1 Diabetes - ✔✔diabetes that develops during childhood and doesn't have enough
insulin
Type 2 Diabetes - ✔✔diabetes that develops in adults and often in obese individuals;
the body is unable to cooperate with the insulin on the glucose
ATP - ✔✔supplies energy for cellular processes
Dehydration synthesis - ✔✔water is used to break apart 2 molecules
Ionic Bond - ✔✔bond where there is an attraction between opposite charged atoms
A young patient has an increased thirst and is very fatigued (no energy). The doctors
tell the patient that their pancreas is not functioning properly. This patient most likely
has ______________. - ✔✔Type 1 Diabetes
What is negative feedback? - ✔✔A response to a change in the body that counteracts or
opposes the initial change.
What is positive feedback? - ✔✔Feedback that increases the output of a process.
What is an example of positive feedback? - ✔✔Blood clotting. The initial clotting
triggers the formation of more clots.
What is an example of negative feedback? - ✔✔Insulin response to high blood sugar. If
blood sugar rises, insulin is released to lower blood sugar.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,An out of shape, overweight adult is told that they have developed diabetes. The
patient most likely has ______________. - ✔✔Type 2 diabetes.
In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce ______________. - ✔✔Insulin
What explains the high blood sugar that results from Type 2 diabetes? - ✔✔The
pancreas makes insulin, but it is not used effectively by the cell.
A protein hormone released by the pancreas used to control blood glucose levels. -
✔✔Insulin.
What is homeostasis? - ✔✔The maintenance of stable physiological conditions (such as
body temperature) under changing environmental conditions.
What is the effect of a lack of insulin or insulin that does not work properly in the body?
- ✔✔Blood sugar (glucose) levels build up.
Type 2 diabetes - ✔✔Graph of Glucose Tolerance Test results
Type 1 diabetes - ✔✔Graph of Insulin Concentration Test results
What are the units of food energy? - ✔✔Calories
How are atoms held together? - ✔✔Bonds from between outer shell electrons of atoms.
Where is the energy from food obtained? - ✔✔Energy stored in bonds is released when
bonds are broken during digestion.
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, List the four macromolecules. - ✔✔Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Which atoms make up lipids and carbohydrates? - ✔✔C, H, O
What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer? - ✔✔A monomer is a single
molecule that is a sub-unit of a polymer. A polymer results when monomers join
together.
Is a lipid a polymer? - ✔✔No, lipids are not made of sub-units joined together.
What are the building blocks of proteins? - ✔✔Amino acids
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? - ✔✔Monosaccharides or simple sugars
What are triglycerides made of? - ✔✔Glycerol and three fatty acids
Which macromolecule is used first for energy? - ✔✔Carbohydrates
What is a polysaccharide made of? - ✔✔Many saccharides (Many sugars)
What type of molecule is a triglyceride? - ✔✔Lipid
Which macromolecule contains 20 different variable group? - ✔✔Protein
Brittie Donald, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
