NUR242 ONCOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025

NUR242: ONCOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
dysplasiaUvsUneoplasiaU-UCORRECTUANSWERU--dysplasia:Ureversible

-neoplasia:Uirreversible/cancer



CellUcycle:U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-G0U=UrestingUstateU

G1U(GapU1)U

S-phaseU(synthesis)U

G2U(GapU2)U

MU(Mitosis)U=UtwoUidenticalUdaughterUcells

*G1-G2U"interphase"U=UchromosomesUcopied



tumorUsuppressorUgenes...U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-
preventUcellsUfromUgoingUthroughUtheUcellUcycleUbutUmutationsUcanUmakeUthemUinactiveU

Ex.UBRCAU1



DevelopmentUofUcancer:U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-1.UInitiation-UMutationUofUDNAU(mostlyUacquired)U

2.UPromotion-UpromotersU(obesity,Ufat,Ualcohol,Usmoking)

3.UProgression-UgrowthU(tumorUangiogenesis),Uinvasiveness,Umetastasis



CarcinogensU-UCORRECTUANSWERU-EnterUnucleusUandUdamageUDNAU

1.UBenzene,UArsenic,Uformaldehyde,Uasbestos

2.URadiation

3.UViralU(HBV,UHCV,UHPV,UHUPylori)

4.UObesityU

5.USmoking

6.Ualcohol

7.UdietaryUfat

,LatentUperiod:U

SizeUtoUbeUpickedUupUonUMRiU-UCORRECTUANSWERU-
1.UtimeUbtwUinitialUgeneticUalterationUtoUclinicalUevidence;U1UtoU40UyrsU

2.U0.5Ucm;U1.0UcmUtoUbeUpalpable



WhatUisUskipUmetastasis?U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-tumorUcellsUtravelUtoUdistantUnodes



ImmuneUsystemUrole:U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-
1.ULymphocytesUcont.UcheckUcellsUforUtumorUassociatedUantigensUandUdestroyUthem



ImmunologicUescape:UHow?U(6)U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-1.UsuppressUfactorsUthatUstimulateUTUcells

2.UWeakUsurfaceUantigensUallowUthemUtoUsneakUthrough

3.UimmuneUsystemUdevelopsUtoleranceUtoUsomeUtumorUantigens

4.UcancerUcellsUsuppressUimmuneUsystemUbyUproductsUtheyUsecrete

5.UinductionUofUsuppressorUTUcells

6.UblockingUantibodiesUfromUbindingUTAAs,UpreventingUrecognition



OncofetalUantigens...U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-
FoundUin/onUtumorUcells,UasUaUresultUasUcellUregainsUitsUembryonicUcapabilityU

ex.UPSA



MainUdifferenceUbtwUBenignUvs.UmalignantUneoplasmsU-UCORRECTUANSWERU-
MalignantUcellsUinvadeUandUmetastasize



HowUisUcancerUclassified?U(3)U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-1.UAnatomicUsite

2.UHistology/grading

3.UExtent/Staging



AnatomicUsiteUclassification

1.UidentifiedUby?

,2.UCarcinomas?

3.USarcomas?

4.ULymphomas/leukemias?U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-1.UtissueUofUorigin

2.UectodermU(skinUandUglands)UandUendodermU(mucousUmembranes)

3.UmesodermU(CT,Umuscle,Ubone,Ufat)

4.UHematopoieticUsystem



HistologicUclassificationUofUcancer:

1.UbasedUon?

2.UGradeU1

3.UGradeU2

4.UGradeU3

5.UGradeU4U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-1.UappearanceUofUcellsUandUdegreeUofUdifferentiation

2.UwellUdifferentiated

3.Umod.Udifferentiated

4.UpoorlyUdifferentiated

5.Uundifferentiated/immature/primitive



ExtentUofUdiseaseUclassification:

1.UbasedUonUwhatU3Uparameters?

2.UTis/O

3.U1

4.U2

5.U3

6.U4

7.UXU-UCORRECTUANSWERU-1.UTumorUsize/invasiveness,UNodeUlymphUspread,UMetastasis

2.UinUsitu;UonlyUsuperficialU(notUinvasie)

3.UlocalizedUorigin

4.UlocalUspread

, 5.UlocalU&UregionalUspread

6.Umetastasis

7.UcannotUbeUmeasured



TUorUF:UonceUstageUclassificationUisUmade,UitUcannotUbeUchangedU-UCORRECTUANSWERU-
TrueU(butUmayUbeUrestaged)



Cancer:UAssessmentsU(13)U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-1.UFatigue,Ufever

2.UwtUloss,Uvomiting

3.UpainU(HA,UboneUpain)

4.Umass

5.Upallor,Upurpura,UwhitishUreflexUofUeyes

6.Ulymphadenopathy

7.UchangesUinUbowelUorUbladderUhabits

8.UAUsoreUthatUdoesn'tUheal

9.UunusualUbleedingUorUdischargeUfromUorifices

10.UThickening/lump

11.UIndigestion/dysphagia

12.UobviousUchangesUinUwart/monitor,Uwalking/coordination

13.UNaggingUcough/hoarseness



AdditionalUmeasuresUtoUreduceUr/ofUcancerUandUwhyU-UCORRECTUANSWERU-1.UAdequateUrestU

2.UreduceUstress

BcUtheyUweakenUimmuneUsystemU

3.UObesityU(chronicUlowUgradeUinflammationUcanUdamageUDNA)



CancerUtherapyUcanUserveU3UmainUpurposes?U-UCORRECTUANSWERU-Curative,UControl,Upalliative