Endocrine System Drugs and Diabetes
Management question/answer graded A+
2024/2025
Endocrine System - ✔️✔️Network of glands producing hormones regulating bodily
functions.
Pharmacology - ✔️✔️Study of drug effects on biological systems.
NURS 2010 - ✔️✔️Course focusing on pharmacology for nursing students.
Lilley's Pharmacology - ✔️✔️Textbook covering pharmacological principles and practices.
Chapters 31-34 - ✔️✔️Sections detailing specific endocrine drugs and their uses.
Pituitary Gland - ✔️✔️Master gland regulating other endocrine glands.
Thyroid Gland - ✔️✔️Regulates metabolism via thyroid hormones.
Adrenal Gland - ✔️✔️Produces hormones for stress response and metabolism.
Pancreas - ✔️✔️Secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
Hormones - ✔️✔️Chemical messengers influencing physiological processes.
Glucose Homeostasis - ✔️✔️Balance of glucose levels in the bloodstream.
Insulin - ✔️✔️Lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake.
Glucagon - ✔️✔️Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.
A1C (Hgb A1C) - ✔️✔️Average blood glucose over 2-3 months.
Type 1 Diabetes - ✔️✔️Insulin-dependent diabetes with no insulin production.
Type 2 Diabetes - ✔️✔️Non-insulin-dependent diabetes with insulin resistance.
Hyperglycemia - ✔️✔️High blood sugar levels above 7 mmol/L.
Hypoglycemia - ✔️✔️Low blood sugar levels below 4 mmol/L.
, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ✔️✔️Severe hyperglycemia with ketones and acidosis.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) - ✔️✔️Extreme hyperglycemia without
acidosis.
Glycemic Goal - ✔️✔️HbA1c < 7% for diabetic patients.
Insulin Therapy - ✔️✔️Required for all Type 1 diabetes patients.
Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs - ✔️✔️Medications to lower blood glucose in Type 2.
Rapid Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Onset in 10-15 minutes, used at mealtimes.
Short Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Administered at mealtimes, can be IV.
Intermediate Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Cloudy insulin, usually given once daily.
Long Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Basal insulin with no peak effect.
Fixed-Combination Insulin - ✔️✔️Contains both intermediate and rapid/short acting.
Sliding-Scale Insulin Dosing - ✔️✔️Adjusts insulin based on blood glucose levels.
Diabetes Symptoms - ✔️✔️Include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia.
Macrovascular Complications - ✔️✔️Affects large blood vessels, leads to MI and stroke.
Microvascular Complications - ✔️✔️Affects small blood vessels, leads to retinopathy.
Metabolic Syndrome - ✔️✔️Cluster of conditions increasing diabetes risk.
Exogenous Insulin - ✔️✔️Insulin administered from outside the body.
Sliding-Scale Insulin - ✔️✔️Insulin doses adjusted based on blood glucose levels.
Correction Doses - ✔️✔️Additional insulin to correct high glucose readings.
Basal-Bolus Dosing - ✔️✔️Insulin regimen mimicking natural pancreas function.
Basal Insulin - ✔️✔️Long-acting insulin providing constant background coverage.
Bolus Insulin - ✔️✔️Rapid-acting insulin for mealtime glucose control.
Management question/answer graded A+
2024/2025
Endocrine System - ✔️✔️Network of glands producing hormones regulating bodily
functions.
Pharmacology - ✔️✔️Study of drug effects on biological systems.
NURS 2010 - ✔️✔️Course focusing on pharmacology for nursing students.
Lilley's Pharmacology - ✔️✔️Textbook covering pharmacological principles and practices.
Chapters 31-34 - ✔️✔️Sections detailing specific endocrine drugs and their uses.
Pituitary Gland - ✔️✔️Master gland regulating other endocrine glands.
Thyroid Gland - ✔️✔️Regulates metabolism via thyroid hormones.
Adrenal Gland - ✔️✔️Produces hormones for stress response and metabolism.
Pancreas - ✔️✔️Secretes hormones and digestive enzymes.
Hormones - ✔️✔️Chemical messengers influencing physiological processes.
Glucose Homeostasis - ✔️✔️Balance of glucose levels in the bloodstream.
Insulin - ✔️✔️Lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake.
Glucagon - ✔️✔️Raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogen breakdown.
A1C (Hgb A1C) - ✔️✔️Average blood glucose over 2-3 months.
Type 1 Diabetes - ✔️✔️Insulin-dependent diabetes with no insulin production.
Type 2 Diabetes - ✔️✔️Non-insulin-dependent diabetes with insulin resistance.
Hyperglycemia - ✔️✔️High blood sugar levels above 7 mmol/L.
Hypoglycemia - ✔️✔️Low blood sugar levels below 4 mmol/L.
, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ✔️✔️Severe hyperglycemia with ketones and acidosis.
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) - ✔️✔️Extreme hyperglycemia without
acidosis.
Glycemic Goal - ✔️✔️HbA1c < 7% for diabetic patients.
Insulin Therapy - ✔️✔️Required for all Type 1 diabetes patients.
Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs - ✔️✔️Medications to lower blood glucose in Type 2.
Rapid Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Onset in 10-15 minutes, used at mealtimes.
Short Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Administered at mealtimes, can be IV.
Intermediate Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Cloudy insulin, usually given once daily.
Long Acting Insulin - ✔️✔️Basal insulin with no peak effect.
Fixed-Combination Insulin - ✔️✔️Contains both intermediate and rapid/short acting.
Sliding-Scale Insulin Dosing - ✔️✔️Adjusts insulin based on blood glucose levels.
Diabetes Symptoms - ✔️✔️Include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia.
Macrovascular Complications - ✔️✔️Affects large blood vessels, leads to MI and stroke.
Microvascular Complications - ✔️✔️Affects small blood vessels, leads to retinopathy.
Metabolic Syndrome - ✔️✔️Cluster of conditions increasing diabetes risk.
Exogenous Insulin - ✔️✔️Insulin administered from outside the body.
Sliding-Scale Insulin - ✔️✔️Insulin doses adjusted based on blood glucose levels.
Correction Doses - ✔️✔️Additional insulin to correct high glucose readings.
Basal-Bolus Dosing - ✔️✔️Insulin regimen mimicking natural pancreas function.
Basal Insulin - ✔️✔️Long-acting insulin providing constant background coverage.
Bolus Insulin - ✔️✔️Rapid-acting insulin for mealtime glucose control.
