NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Quiz 1

NURS 6501 ADVANCED x x x




PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Quiz 1 x x x x

x

How xare xcells xspecialized? x- xthrough xthe xprocess xof xdifferentiation xor xmaturation x
x

What xare xthe xeight xspecialized xcellular xfunctions? x- xmovement,
xconductivity, x
x
metabolic xabsorption, xsecretion, xexcretion, xrespiration, xreproduction,
xand
x
communication
x

What xare xthe xthree xgeneral xcomponents xof xan xeukaryotic xcell? x- xthe
xplasma x
x
membrane, xthe xcytoplasm, xand xthe xintracellular
xorganelles.
x

What xcauses xthe xrelease xof xlysosomal xenzemes? x- xCellular xinjury xcausing
xcellular x
x
self-digestion
x

What xis xthe xlocation xand xfunction xof xthe xnucleus? x- xthe xlargest xmembrane-bound
xorganelle xand xis xfound xusually xin xthe xcell's xcenter. xThe xchief xfunctions xof xthe

xnucleus xare xcell xdivision xand xcontrol xof xgenetic xinformation. x
x

What xis xCytoplasm? x- xan xaqueous xsolution x(cytosol) xthat xfills xthe xspace xbetween
xthe x
x
nucleus xand xthe xplasma

xmembrane.
x

What xis xthe xendoplasmic xreticulum xand xwhat xdoes xit xspecialize xin? x- xa xnetwork
xof xtubular xchannels x(cisternae) xthat xextend xthroughout xthe xouter xnuclear

xmembrane. xIt xspecializes xin xthe xsynthesis xand xtransport xof xprotein xand xlipid

xcomponents xof xmost xof xthe xorganelles x
x

What xis xthe xGolgi xcomplex xand xwhat xdoes xit xdo? x- xa xnetwork xof xsmooth
xmembranes x
x
and xvesicles xlocated xnear xthe xnucleus. xThe xGolgi xcomplex xis xresponsible
xfor
x
processing xand xpackaging xproteins xinto xsecretory
xvesicles
x

What xare xlysosomes xand xwhat xdo xthey xdo? x- xsaclike xstructures xthat xoriginate xfrom
xthe x
x
Golgi xcomplex xand xcontain xdigestive xenzymes. xThese xenzymes xare xresponsible
xfor
x
digesting xmost xcellular xsubstances xto xtheir xbasic xform, xsuch xas xamino xacids,
xfatty
x
acids, xand

xcarbohydrates

, x

What xare xperoxisomes? x- xinvolved xin xthe xproduction xand xbreakdown xof
xhydrogen x
x
peroxide
x

Importance xof xproteins xin xdisease x- xThe xmajor xworkhorses xof xthe xcell, xif
xmisfolded x
x
they xcan xcause

xdiseases
x

What xare xmitochondria xresponsible xfor? x- x. xMitochondria xcontain xthe
xmetabolic x
x
machinery xnecessary xfor xcellular xenergy xmetabolism x(Makes
xATP).
x

What xis xthe xcytoskeleton? x- xthe x"bone xand xmuscle" xof xthe xcell. xThe xinternal
xskeleton x
x
is xcomposed xof xa xnetwork xof xprotein xfilaments, xincluding xmicrotubules xand
xactin
x
filaments
x(microfilaments).
x

What xis xthe xplasma xmembrane? x- xencloses xthe xcell xand, xby xcontrolling xthe
xmovement x
x
of xsubstances xacross xit, xexerts xa xpowerful xinfluence xon xmetabolic
xpathways
x

What xis xsignal xtransduction? x- xThe xtransfer xof xmolecular xsignals xfrom xthe
xexterior xto x
x
the xinterior xof xa xcell. xIf xnot xdone xapoptosis
xoccurs
x

What xis xprotein xregulation xand xwhat xis xit xcomposed xof? x- xprotein xhomeostasis
xand xis x
x
defined xby xthe xproteostasis xnetwork. xThis xnetwork xis xcomposed xof
xribosomes
x
(makers), xchaperones x(helpers), xand xprotein xbreakdown xor xproteolytic
xsystems.
x
Malfunction xof xthese xsystems xis xassociated xwith
xdisease.
x

What xdo xprotein xreceptors xdo? x- xon xthe xplasma xmembrane, xenable xthe xcell xto
xinteract x
x
with xother xcells xand xwith xextracellular
xsubstances
x

What xmeans xaccomplish xcell-to-cell xadhesions? x- x(1) xthe xextracellular xmembrane,
x(2) x
x
cell xadhesion xmolecules xin xthe xcell's xplasma xmembrane, xand x(3) xspecialized
xcell
x
junctions.