S-130 FIreFighter Training Exam with
complete solution
Origin? ANSWERS Location where the fire started
Head? ANSWERS This is the hottest and most intense/active part of the fire
Flank left and right? ANSWERS Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of
spread, may have active fire but not as hot as the head of the fire
Rear/heel? ANSWERS Opposite of the head of the fire and burning less intense, if
it all often near the origin of the fire
Perimeter? ANSWERS This is the boundary line of the fire or fire edge, fire may
be inactive on some portions
Finger? ANSWERS An area usually a narrow strip that burns away from the main
part of the fire, this could be dangerous if personnel woroking the fire are flanked by a
fire
Pocket? ANSWERS This is the unburned area between the main fire and any
fingers
Hand tools mopping up in the following ways? ANSWERS Scraping, stirring,
separating, tenching to prevent fuels from rolling to undesired areas, digging, mixing,
turning logs and other heavy materials-
Dry Mop Up? ANSWERS Dirt is mixed with the hot material, these are then
spread to allow them to cool, no water required
Wet Mop Up? ANSWERS The process of using water to mix it with embers and
putting them out
Systematic Mop Up process? ANSWERS Start with hottest area and progress to
coldest > plan a beginning and an ending point keep to the plan and work methodically
> work inward from the control zone > examine the entire assigned area > make sure
instructions are clear if you dont know ask > for large burns and or complicated
situations some type of grid system should be implemented
To detect hot materials with sight? ANSWERS Look for smoke, heat waves, white
ash, stump holes, steam, gnats
, To detect hot materials with touch? ANSWERS Feeling for heat do not wear
gloves, at first feel with back of your hand about 1 inch away then carefully with direct
contact
To detect hot materials with smell? ANSWERS Smell of smoke, and smelling
burning materials
Island? ANSWERS This is the area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter
Spot fire? ANSWERS Burning area outside the main fire perimeter. often caused
by wind blown embers or rolling debris
Spread? ANSWERS Movment of the fire
ROS? ANSWERS This is the rate of spread and is given in chains per hour
How much feet is in a chain? ANSWERS 66 Feet
Smoldering? ANSWERS This is fire burning without flame and barley spreading
Creeping? ANSWERS Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
Running? ANSWERS Fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head
Backing? ANSWERS FIre moving away from the head, downhill or into the wind
Spotting? ANSWERS Sparks or embers produced by the main fire are carried by
winds or convection column
Torching? ANSWERS Fire burning on the surface but periodoically igniting the
crown of a single or small group of tree or shrubs returning to the surface, although
sometimes confused with crowning this behavior is not as serious as a crown fire
Crowning? ANSWERS Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or
less indepenent of surface fire, this has high fire intensity and high forward rate of
spread, use crown fire or crowning with care because ot describes a very serious fire
situation that indicates extreme fire behavior
Passive? ANSWERS Fire moves up and down trees in a snail like movement,
bottome of tress are burning
Active? ANSWERS Trees are closely together, 10 feet or less, and the fire burns
across the tops usually bottom of these tress are not burning
complete solution
Origin? ANSWERS Location where the fire started
Head? ANSWERS This is the hottest and most intense/active part of the fire
Flank left and right? ANSWERS Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of
spread, may have active fire but not as hot as the head of the fire
Rear/heel? ANSWERS Opposite of the head of the fire and burning less intense, if
it all often near the origin of the fire
Perimeter? ANSWERS This is the boundary line of the fire or fire edge, fire may
be inactive on some portions
Finger? ANSWERS An area usually a narrow strip that burns away from the main
part of the fire, this could be dangerous if personnel woroking the fire are flanked by a
fire
Pocket? ANSWERS This is the unburned area between the main fire and any
fingers
Hand tools mopping up in the following ways? ANSWERS Scraping, stirring,
separating, tenching to prevent fuels from rolling to undesired areas, digging, mixing,
turning logs and other heavy materials-
Dry Mop Up? ANSWERS Dirt is mixed with the hot material, these are then
spread to allow them to cool, no water required
Wet Mop Up? ANSWERS The process of using water to mix it with embers and
putting them out
Systematic Mop Up process? ANSWERS Start with hottest area and progress to
coldest > plan a beginning and an ending point keep to the plan and work methodically
> work inward from the control zone > examine the entire assigned area > make sure
instructions are clear if you dont know ask > for large burns and or complicated
situations some type of grid system should be implemented
To detect hot materials with sight? ANSWERS Look for smoke, heat waves, white
ash, stump holes, steam, gnats
, To detect hot materials with touch? ANSWERS Feeling for heat do not wear
gloves, at first feel with back of your hand about 1 inch away then carefully with direct
contact
To detect hot materials with smell? ANSWERS Smell of smoke, and smelling
burning materials
Island? ANSWERS This is the area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter
Spot fire? ANSWERS Burning area outside the main fire perimeter. often caused
by wind blown embers or rolling debris
Spread? ANSWERS Movment of the fire
ROS? ANSWERS This is the rate of spread and is given in chains per hour
How much feet is in a chain? ANSWERS 66 Feet
Smoldering? ANSWERS This is fire burning without flame and barley spreading
Creeping? ANSWERS Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
Running? ANSWERS Fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head
Backing? ANSWERS FIre moving away from the head, downhill or into the wind
Spotting? ANSWERS Sparks or embers produced by the main fire are carried by
winds or convection column
Torching? ANSWERS Fire burning on the surface but periodoically igniting the
crown of a single or small group of tree or shrubs returning to the surface, although
sometimes confused with crowning this behavior is not as serious as a crown fire
Crowning? ANSWERS Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or
less indepenent of surface fire, this has high fire intensity and high forward rate of
spread, use crown fire or crowning with care because ot describes a very serious fire
situation that indicates extreme fire behavior
Passive? ANSWERS Fire moves up and down trees in a snail like movement,
bottome of tress are burning
Active? ANSWERS Trees are closely together, 10 feet or less, and the fire burns
across the tops usually bottom of these tress are not burning
