ACCNS-P
Clinical Judgment
Comprehensive Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
heart failure?
- A) Increased cardiac output
- B) Decreased cardiac output due to impaired ventricular
function
- C) Increased blood pressure
- D) Decreased blood volume
- ANS: B) Decreased cardiac output due to impaired
ventricular function
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Heart failure is characterized by decreased
cardiac output due to impaired ventricular function, leading to
inadequate perfusion of tissues.
2. What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Coronary artery spasm
- C) Obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus
- D) Heart valve disease
- ANS: C) Obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction is primarily caused by the
obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus, leading to
ischemia and necrosis of the heart muscle.
Endocrine
3. Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal
cortex?
- A) Insulin
- B) Cortisol
- C) Thyroxine
- D) Glucagon
- ANS: B) Cortisol
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal
cortex and plays a role in stress response and metabolism.
4. True or False: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by
insulin resistance.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency, not insulin resistance.
Hematology
5. Which of the following is a common symptom of anemia?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Fatigue
- C) Jaundice
- D) Edema
- ANS: B) Fatigue
- Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom of anemia due to
the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
6. In the process of hemostasis, __________ are the first cells to
adhere to the site of vascular injury and form a temporary plug.
©2024/2025
, - ANS: Platelets
- Rationale: Platelets are the first cells to adhere to the site of
vascular injury and form a temporary plug during the process of
hemostasis.
Gastrointestinal
7. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
peptic ulcer disease?
- A) Increased gastric motility
- B) Erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by gastric acid and
pepsin
- C) Decreased bile production
- D) Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
- ANS: B) Erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by gastric
acid and pepsin
- Rationale: Peptic ulcer disease is characterized by the
erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by gastric acid and pepsin.
8. True or False: Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory
bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel
disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from
the mouth to the anus.
©2024/2025
Clinical Judgment
Comprehensive Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
heart failure?
- A) Increased cardiac output
- B) Decreased cardiac output due to impaired ventricular
function
- C) Increased blood pressure
- D) Decreased blood volume
- ANS: B) Decreased cardiac output due to impaired
ventricular function
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Heart failure is characterized by decreased
cardiac output due to impaired ventricular function, leading to
inadequate perfusion of tissues.
2. What is the primary cause of myocardial infarction?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Coronary artery spasm
- C) Obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus
- D) Heart valve disease
- ANS: C) Obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus
- Rationale: Myocardial infarction is primarily caused by the
obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus, leading to
ischemia and necrosis of the heart muscle.
Endocrine
3. Which of the following hormones is produced by the adrenal
cortex?
- A) Insulin
- B) Cortisol
- C) Thyroxine
- D) Glucagon
- ANS: B) Cortisol
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal
cortex and plays a role in stress response and metabolism.
4. True or False: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by
insulin resistance.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency, not insulin resistance.
Hematology
5. Which of the following is a common symptom of anemia?
- A) Hypertension
- B) Fatigue
- C) Jaundice
- D) Edema
- ANS: B) Fatigue
- Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom of anemia due to
the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
6. In the process of hemostasis, __________ are the first cells to
adhere to the site of vascular injury and form a temporary plug.
©2024/2025
, - ANS: Platelets
- Rationale: Platelets are the first cells to adhere to the site of
vascular injury and form a temporary plug during the process of
hemostasis.
Gastrointestinal
7. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
peptic ulcer disease?
- A) Increased gastric motility
- B) Erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by gastric acid and
pepsin
- C) Decreased bile production
- D) Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
- ANS: B) Erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by gastric
acid and pepsin
- Rationale: Peptic ulcer disease is characterized by the
erosion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by gastric acid and pepsin.
8. True or False: Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory
bowel disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel
disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from
the mouth to the anus.
©2024/2025
