PALS RED CROSS FINAL EXAM
A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The
school nurse arrives and determines that the child is unresponsive. The school
nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing and a central pulse, limiting this
assessment to which time frame? - ANS - No more than 10 seconds
\A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays
the following ECG waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia? -
ANS - Second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, type I
\A 12-year-old is being treated in the urgent care clinic. The mother reports that
the child came home from school yesterday with a high fever, vomiting and
multiple episodes of watery diarrhea. The healthcare provider obtains a rhythm
strip and notes the following waveform. The provider interprets this as which type
of arrhythmia? - ANS - Sinus tachycardia
\A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being
diagnosed with Lyme disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown
below. The provider interprets this rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia? - ANS
- First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block
\A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The
child is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency
department providers begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers
demonstrates high-quality CPR? - ANS - Compressing the chest about 2 inches
Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each
Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions
Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression
\A 2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who
says that the child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid
assessment of the child, the provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which
common cause of partial upper airway obstruction in children would the provider
most likely suspect? - ANS - Croup
\A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in
cardiac arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action would be
appropriate for the team to take? - ANS - Estimate weight using a length-based
resuscitation tape.
, \A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which
medication(s) would the provider administer? - ANS - Nebulized epinephrine,
Corticosteroids
\A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents.
Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse
rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - ANS -
Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds.
\A 4-year-old child suddenly collapses in the playroom of the facility. A healthcare
provider observes the event and hurries over to assess the child. The healthcare
provider completes which assessment first? - ANS - Rapid assessment
\A 4-year-old patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, cold extremities and
weak pulses. Assessment also reveals an enlarged liver and neck vein
distension. The provider interprets these assessment findings as suggesting
which type of shock? - ANS - Cardiogenic
\A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is
experiencing respiratory distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and
receiving supplemental oxygen. Which additional intervention is a critical
component of airway management for this patient? - ANS - Airway clearance (e.g.,
suctioning)
\A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child has been
experiencing extremely watery stools over the past several days. After
completing the assessment, the healthcare provider suspects that the child may
be experiencing shock. Which type of shock would the provider most likely
suspect? - ANS - Hypovolemic
\A 6-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a bicycle
accident. Assessment reveals chest pain on inspiration, diminished breath
sounds on the right side, and respiratory distress. The provider suspects
obstructive shock caused by what condition? - ANS - Tension pneumothorax
\A 7-year-old child collapses on the playground at school. The school nurse is
called to the scene and determines that the child is unresponsive and is not
breathing and has no pulse. The nurse initiates CPR. At what rate and depth
would the nurse deliver compressions to this child? - ANS - 100 to 120
compressions per minute at a depth of about 2 inches
\A 7-year-old patient with septic shock has received three balanced/buffered
crystalloid fluid boluses (60-mL/kg) and reassessment reveals capillary refill of 3
seconds, diminished pulses, narrow pulse pressure and cool, mottled
extremities. The emergency response team interprets these findings as indicating
which type of septic shock? - ANS - Fluid-refractory
\A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child
suddenly collapsed at school. The child's ECG reveals the following waveform,
A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The
school nurse arrives and determines that the child is unresponsive. The school
nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing and a central pulse, limiting this
assessment to which time frame? - ANS - No more than 10 seconds
\A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays
the following ECG waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia? -
ANS - Second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block, type I
\A 12-year-old is being treated in the urgent care clinic. The mother reports that
the child came home from school yesterday with a high fever, vomiting and
multiple episodes of watery diarrhea. The healthcare provider obtains a rhythm
strip and notes the following waveform. The provider interprets this as which type
of arrhythmia? - ANS - Sinus tachycardia
\A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being
diagnosed with Lyme disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown
below. The provider interprets this rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia? - ANS
- First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block
\A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The
child is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency
department providers begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers
demonstrates high-quality CPR? - ANS - Compressing the chest about 2 inches
Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each
Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions
Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression
\A 2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who
says that the child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid
assessment of the child, the provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which
common cause of partial upper airway obstruction in children would the provider
most likely suspect? - ANS - Croup
\A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in
cardiac arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action would be
appropriate for the team to take? - ANS - Estimate weight using a length-based
resuscitation tape.
, \A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which
medication(s) would the provider administer? - ANS - Nebulized epinephrine,
Corticosteroids
\A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents.
Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse
rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - ANS -
Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds.
\A 4-year-old child suddenly collapses in the playroom of the facility. A healthcare
provider observes the event and hurries over to assess the child. The healthcare
provider completes which assessment first? - ANS - Rapid assessment
\A 4-year-old patient presents with tachycardia, tachypnea, cold extremities and
weak pulses. Assessment also reveals an enlarged liver and neck vein
distension. The provider interprets these assessment findings as suggesting
which type of shock? - ANS - Cardiogenic
\A 5-year-old child with a history of a chronic neuromuscular disease is
experiencing respiratory distress. The child is breathing spontaneously and
receiving supplemental oxygen. Which additional intervention is a critical
component of airway management for this patient? - ANS - Airway clearance (e.g.,
suctioning)
\A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child has been
experiencing extremely watery stools over the past several days. After
completing the assessment, the healthcare provider suspects that the child may
be experiencing shock. Which type of shock would the provider most likely
suspect? - ANS - Hypovolemic
\A 6-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a bicycle
accident. Assessment reveals chest pain on inspiration, diminished breath
sounds on the right side, and respiratory distress. The provider suspects
obstructive shock caused by what condition? - ANS - Tension pneumothorax
\A 7-year-old child collapses on the playground at school. The school nurse is
called to the scene and determines that the child is unresponsive and is not
breathing and has no pulse. The nurse initiates CPR. At what rate and depth
would the nurse deliver compressions to this child? - ANS - 100 to 120
compressions per minute at a depth of about 2 inches
\A 7-year-old patient with septic shock has received three balanced/buffered
crystalloid fluid boluses (60-mL/kg) and reassessment reveals capillary refill of 3
seconds, diminished pulses, narrow pulse pressure and cool, mottled
extremities. The emergency response team interprets these findings as indicating
which type of septic shock? - ANS - Fluid-refractory
\A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child
suddenly collapsed at school. The child's ECG reveals the following waveform,
