NUR 3219C
Adult Acute Conditions
Comprehensive Midterms Review (Qns &
Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the most common reason for an
older adult's admission to an acute care hospital?
- A) Pneumonia
- B) Heart Failure
- C) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- D) Diabetes Mellitus
ANS: A) Pneumonia.
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Pneumonia is often a leading cause of
hospitalization in older adults due to weakened immune systems
and comorbidities.
2. What is the primary purpose of using a Quick Sequential
Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score in acute care?
- A) To diagnose respiratory failure
- B) To assess risk of sepsis
- C) To determine the need for surgery
- D) To evaluate neurological status
ANS: B) To assess risk of sepsis.
Rationale: qSOFA is a tool used to identify patients at risk for
sepsis and is based on clinical criteria.
3. Which laboratory value is most indicative of acute kidney
injury?
- A) Decreased creatinine
- B) Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- C) Elevated potassium
- D) Decreased urine output
ANS: B) Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
©2024/2025
, Rationale: BUN levels typically rise with decreased kidney
function, indicating potential acute kidney injury.
4. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
is in respiratory distress. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A) Administering pain medication
- B) Providing oxygen therapy
- C) Positioning the patient supine
- D) Starting an IV line
ANS: B) Providing oxygen therapy.
Rationale: Oxygen therapy is essential to relieve respiratory
distress and maintain adequate oxygen saturation.
5. In a patient experiencing acute coronary syndrome, which
medication is crucial for reducing myocardial oxygen demand?
- A) Aspirin
- B) Morphine
- C) Clopidogrel
- D) Furosemide
ANS: B) Morphine.
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Morphine not only provides pain relief but also has
vasodilatory effects that can help reduce myocardial oxygen
demand.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The most common cause of acute heart failure is __________.
ANS: Myocardial infarction.
Rationale: A myocardial infarction can lead to the sudden loss
of functional myocardium and is a primary cause for acute heart
failure.
7. The clinical term used to describe severe blood loss is
__________.
ANS: Hemorrhagic shock.
Rationale: Hemorrhagic shock occurs when there is significant
loss of blood volume, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion.
8. A patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis should have which
dietary modification? The first recommended diet is __________.
ANS: NPO (nothing by mouth).
Rationale: Initially, patients are kept NPO to allow the pancreas
to rest and heal.
©2024/2025
Adult Acute Conditions
Comprehensive Midterms Review (Qns &
Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the most common reason for an
older adult's admission to an acute care hospital?
- A) Pneumonia
- B) Heart Failure
- C) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- D) Diabetes Mellitus
ANS: A) Pneumonia.
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Pneumonia is often a leading cause of
hospitalization in older adults due to weakened immune systems
and comorbidities.
2. What is the primary purpose of using a Quick Sequential
Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score in acute care?
- A) To diagnose respiratory failure
- B) To assess risk of sepsis
- C) To determine the need for surgery
- D) To evaluate neurological status
ANS: B) To assess risk of sepsis.
Rationale: qSOFA is a tool used to identify patients at risk for
sepsis and is based on clinical criteria.
3. Which laboratory value is most indicative of acute kidney
injury?
- A) Decreased creatinine
- B) Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- C) Elevated potassium
- D) Decreased urine output
ANS: B) Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN).
©2024/2025
, Rationale: BUN levels typically rise with decreased kidney
function, indicating potential acute kidney injury.
4. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
is in respiratory distress. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A) Administering pain medication
- B) Providing oxygen therapy
- C) Positioning the patient supine
- D) Starting an IV line
ANS: B) Providing oxygen therapy.
Rationale: Oxygen therapy is essential to relieve respiratory
distress and maintain adequate oxygen saturation.
5. In a patient experiencing acute coronary syndrome, which
medication is crucial for reducing myocardial oxygen demand?
- A) Aspirin
- B) Morphine
- C) Clopidogrel
- D) Furosemide
ANS: B) Morphine.
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Morphine not only provides pain relief but also has
vasodilatory effects that can help reduce myocardial oxygen
demand.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The most common cause of acute heart failure is __________.
ANS: Myocardial infarction.
Rationale: A myocardial infarction can lead to the sudden loss
of functional myocardium and is a primary cause for acute heart
failure.
7. The clinical term used to describe severe blood loss is
__________.
ANS: Hemorrhagic shock.
Rationale: Hemorrhagic shock occurs when there is significant
loss of blood volume, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion.
8. A patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis should have which
dietary modification? The first recommended diet is __________.
ANS: NPO (nothing by mouth).
Rationale: Initially, patients are kept NPO to allow the pancreas
to rest and heal.
©2024/2025
