280: Final Exam Study Guide
1. immunity and
inflammation
chapter:
2. first line of de- innate (natural or native/ born with) immunity
fense - physical barriers (skin, vomiting, mucus, linings of gi
tract, coughing, sneezing, sloughing off cells)
- epithelial cell-derived chemical barriers (synthesized
and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, mucus. ->
Normal bacterial flora)
3. second line of body reacts to antigen by inflammation
defense -> first immune response to an injury
Caused by a variety of materials
æInfection, mechanical damage, ischemia (lack of oxygen
to area), nutrient deprivation, temperature extremes, ra-
diation, etc.
4. vascular re- ælood vessel dilation-> hose opens up = open blood ves-
B
sponses in sec- sel
ond line of de- -> BP drops
fense
æIncreased vascular permeability and leakage allows more
fluid through
æWhite blood cell adherence to the inner walls of the ves-
sels and migration through the vessels
-> WBC can come in
5. local manifesta- redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
tions of inflam-
mation
6. third line of de- adaptive (acquired) immunity
fense
7. systemic man- fever, leukocytosis
ifestations of
, 280: Final Exam Study Guide
acute inflamma-
tion
8. types of wound primary intention
healing
secondary intention
9. primary intention W
æounds that heal under conditions of minimal tissue loss
(well approximated wound, closed wound; patient just
came out of surgery, minimal healing, stitches may be in)
10. secondary inten- wounds that require a great deal more tissue replace-
tion ment
- open wound
11. phases of wound three phrases:
healing
1. Inflammatory Phase: usually lasts 1-2 days
2. Proliferative Phase: 3-4 days after injury; lasts up to 3
weeks
3. Remodeling Phase: 3 weeks after injury and can con-
tinue for 6 months or longer
12.
, 280: Final Exam Study Guide
inflammatory usually lasts 1-2 days
phase -> Begins at time of injury, blood clots, WBC go to wound
site, neutrophils arrive first and remove cellular debris,
macrophages join
13. proliferative 3-4 days after injury; lasts up to 3 weeks
phase -> Build tissue to fill wound space, fibroblasts synthesize
collagen, fibroblasts produce family of growth factors,
induce angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels), helps
with good blood supply, epithelization (epithelial cells pro-
liferate to form new surface layer that is similar to the one
that was destroyed by the injury)
14. remodeling 3 weeks after injury and can continue for 6 months or
phase longer
-> Continues remodeling scar tissue, decrease vascular-
ity, collagen further contracts until wound is smaller and
less visible
, 280: Final Exam Study Guide
15. adaptive immuni-
ty chapter:
16. adaptive immuni- - acquired through previous exposure to infectious or
ty other foreign agents
- specific and has memory
17. purpose of adap- æ
Destruction of infectious microorganisms that are resis-
tive immunity tant to inflammation
æLong-term highly effective protection against future expo
sure to the same microorganism
18. Hypersensitivity - Altered (abnormal or excessive) immunologic response
(of the active immune system) to an antigen that results
in disease or damage to the host
- characterized by the immune mechanism
- four types
19. four types of hy- æ
Type I-Most common hypersensitivity
persensitivities æIgE mediated
æType II
æTissue-specific reactions
æType III
æImmune complex mediated
æType IV
- Cell mediated
20. Type I hypersen- - IgE mediated (->allergy)
sitivity
- Against environmental antigens (allergens)
æi.e. peanuts, pollen, meds-penicillin
- Histamine release
1. immunity and
inflammation
chapter:
2. first line of de- innate (natural or native/ born with) immunity
fense - physical barriers (skin, vomiting, mucus, linings of gi
tract, coughing, sneezing, sloughing off cells)
- epithelial cell-derived chemical barriers (synthesized
and secreted saliva, tears, ear wax, sweat, mucus. ->
Normal bacterial flora)
3. second line of body reacts to antigen by inflammation
defense -> first immune response to an injury
Caused by a variety of materials
æInfection, mechanical damage, ischemia (lack of oxygen
to area), nutrient deprivation, temperature extremes, ra-
diation, etc.
4. vascular re- ælood vessel dilation-> hose opens up = open blood ves-
B
sponses in sec- sel
ond line of de- -> BP drops
fense
æIncreased vascular permeability and leakage allows more
fluid through
æWhite blood cell adherence to the inner walls of the ves-
sels and migration through the vessels
-> WBC can come in
5. local manifesta- redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
tions of inflam-
mation
6. third line of de- adaptive (acquired) immunity
fense
7. systemic man- fever, leukocytosis
ifestations of
, 280: Final Exam Study Guide
acute inflamma-
tion
8. types of wound primary intention
healing
secondary intention
9. primary intention W
æounds that heal under conditions of minimal tissue loss
(well approximated wound, closed wound; patient just
came out of surgery, minimal healing, stitches may be in)
10. secondary inten- wounds that require a great deal more tissue replace-
tion ment
- open wound
11. phases of wound three phrases:
healing
1. Inflammatory Phase: usually lasts 1-2 days
2. Proliferative Phase: 3-4 days after injury; lasts up to 3
weeks
3. Remodeling Phase: 3 weeks after injury and can con-
tinue for 6 months or longer
12.
, 280: Final Exam Study Guide
inflammatory usually lasts 1-2 days
phase -> Begins at time of injury, blood clots, WBC go to wound
site, neutrophils arrive first and remove cellular debris,
macrophages join
13. proliferative 3-4 days after injury; lasts up to 3 weeks
phase -> Build tissue to fill wound space, fibroblasts synthesize
collagen, fibroblasts produce family of growth factors,
induce angiogenesis (growth of new blood vessels), helps
with good blood supply, epithelization (epithelial cells pro-
liferate to form new surface layer that is similar to the one
that was destroyed by the injury)
14. remodeling 3 weeks after injury and can continue for 6 months or
phase longer
-> Continues remodeling scar tissue, decrease vascular-
ity, collagen further contracts until wound is smaller and
less visible
, 280: Final Exam Study Guide
15. adaptive immuni-
ty chapter:
16. adaptive immuni- - acquired through previous exposure to infectious or
ty other foreign agents
- specific and has memory
17. purpose of adap- æ
Destruction of infectious microorganisms that are resis-
tive immunity tant to inflammation
æLong-term highly effective protection against future expo
sure to the same microorganism
18. Hypersensitivity - Altered (abnormal or excessive) immunologic response
(of the active immune system) to an antigen that results
in disease or damage to the host
- characterized by the immune mechanism
- four types
19. four types of hy- æ
Type I-Most common hypersensitivity
persensitivities æIgE mediated
æType II
æTissue-specific reactions
æType III
æImmune complex mediated
æType IV
- Cell mediated
20. Type I hypersen- - IgE mediated (->allergy)
sitivity
- Against environmental antigens (allergens)
æi.e. peanuts, pollen, meds-penicillin
- Histamine release
