ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
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"Vaginal changes with menopause - CORRECT ANSWER=> Thinning, loss of elasticity, loss or absence or
rugae."
"Vagina and urethra in menopause - CORRECT ANSWER=> vagina narrows, urethra moves closer to the
introitus."
"Stress urinary incontinence - CORRECT ANSWER=> Vaginal estrogen and urinary incontinence: what
type does it help with?"
"Treatment for FPHL - CORRECT ANSWER=> Minoxidil, spironolactone, finasteride, estrogen therapy"
"Late reporoductive years -3b and -3a. What happens with menstrual cycles, FSH, AMH, AFC, inhibin? -
CORRECT ANSWER=> -3b: menstrual cycles normal, FSH normal, AMH low, AFC low, inhibin low.
-3a: subtle menstrual changes, variable FSH, AMH low, AFC low, inhibin low."
"When it is appropriate to check an FSH during the cycle if you check it? and why? - CORRECT
ANSWER=> Cycle day #3. Elevated estradiol can suppress FSH giving a falsely normal FSH level."
"AMH
produced by...
used to test...
Is it a screening tool for fertility?
When does it peak? - CORRECT ANSWER=> produced by granulosa cells
used to test damage to ovarian follicle reserve. If AMH is low, the woman has a low ovarian reserve.
not recommended as a screening tool to predict fertility.
Peaks at around 25 years old. So before age 25, this test is not helpful.
It is influenced by exogenous hormones. Lower in hormonal contraception users, but increases after
d/cing."
"Obese women and estradiol levels during menopause - CORRECT ANSWER=> Obese women are more
likely to have anovulatory cycles with high estradiol levels. They are also more likely to have lower
premenopause yet higher postmenopause estradiol levels compared with women of normal weight.
(why they are at higher risk of endometrial cancer)"
, "Chinese and Japanese women - CORRECT ANSWER=> These ethnic groups have lower estradiol levels
then white, black and hispanic women."
"stage +2 - CORRECT ANSWER=> late menopause stage: 5-8 years after FMP. Somatic aging
predominates. Increased genitourinary symptoms."
"Stages +1a, +1b, +1c - CORRECT ANSWER=> early post menopause: 2 years after FMP. FSH rises,
estradiol decreases. VMS predominate."
"Elevated FSH, LH - CORRECT ANSWER=> Endocrine labs after menopause"
"AMH, inhibin B - CORRECT ANSWER=> These hormones work during reproductive years to not
deplete follicle pool too quickly."
"Phases during menopause transition and PMS symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER=> Menstrual cycle
shortenes, follicular phase compresses, women spend more time in luteal phase.. meaning more
premenstrual symptoms and more frequent menstrual periods."
"How to respond if a patient requests FSH lab? - CORRECT ANSWER=> many pitfalls, variable
depending on the day of the cycle you draw the lab, normal or low FSH is not helpful."
"The potentially superior marker of menopause, a lab. - CORRECT ANSWER=> AMH"
"DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) - CORRECT ANSWER=> Adrenal androgens: precursor hromones
produced by the adrenal gland that are enzymatically converted to active androgens or estrogens in
peripheral tissues."
"Location of estrogen receptors - CORRECT ANSWER=> Vagina, vulva, urethra, trigone of the bladder"
"Effects of estrogen on tissue - CORRECT ANSWER=> maintain blood flow, the collagen, and HA within
the epithelial surfaces. Supports microbiome and protects tissue from pathogens."
“Climacteric phase - CORRECT ANSWER=> The period of endrocrinologic, somatic, and transitory
psychologic changes that occur around the time of menopause."
"Early menopause - CORRECT ANSWER=> LMP before age 45"
"Late menopause - CORRECT ANSWER=> LMP after age 54"
"Primary ovarian insufficiency - CORRECT ANSWER=> Menopause that occurs before age 40"