AQA A LEVEL Chemistry
Acid hydrolysis of esters - ANS - Acid and alcohol
\activation energy - ANS - The minimum amount of energy needed to start a
chemical reaction
\Activation energy - ANS - the minimum amount of energy required to start a
chemical reaction
\addition polymers - ANS - polymers made from alkenes in an addition reaction
\Alkali - ANS - a soluble base
\Anion - ANS - A negatively charged ion
\atom economy - ANS - molecular mass of the desired product/ sum of the
molecular masses of all reactants x100
\auto catalyst - ANS - Catalyst that is a reaction product
\Base hydrolysis of esters - ANS - Carboxylate ion and alcohol
\Biofuel - ANS - Any fuel made from living organisms or their waste
\bond dissociation energy - ANS - The energy required to break the bond between
two covalently bonded atoms.
\Brosted- lowry Acid - ANS - proton donor
\Brosted- lowry base - ANS - proton acceptor
\buffer - ANS - A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid
or base are added.
\Carbon neutral - ANS - No net annual emissions of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere
\Carboxylic acid + alcohol - ANS - Ester + water
\Carboxylic acid + carbonates - ANS - Salt, carbon dioxide + water
\catalyst - ANS - A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
without being changed by providing an alternative reaction pathway by lowering
activation energy
\Cation - ANS - A positively charged ion
\chain isomer - ANS - different ways of arranging a carbon chain
\chiral carbon - ANS - A carbon atom attached to four different atoms or groups of
atoms.
\co-ordinate bond - ANS - a shared pair of electrons where both electrons are
supplied by one atom
\co-ordination number - ANS - Number of lone pairs bonded to the metal ion
\complex - ANS - a central metal ion or atom surrounded by ligands
\concordant results ins titrations - ANS - similar results to the neares 0.1cm3
, \condensation polymers - ANS - polymers formed from when monomers join
together and eliminate a small molecule such as water or hydrogen chloride
\covalent bond - ANS - a shared pair of electrons between non-metal elements
\Dative covalent bond - ANS - When an electron pair donated by one molecule is
shared between two molecules
\Disproportionation - ANS - when a substance is oxidised and reduced in a
reaction to produce two different products
\Dynamic Equilibrium - ANS - a equilibrium where both the forward and reerse
reactions are occuring a the same rate and the concentrations of the reactants
and products remain constant
\Electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in acidic conditions
(negative electrode) - ANS - H2 -> 2H+ + 2e-
\Electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in acidic conditions
(positive electrode) - ANS - 02 + 4H+ +4e- -> 2H20
\Electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in alkaline conditions
(negative electrode) - ANS - H2 + 2OH- -> 2H2O + 2e-
\Electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in alkaline conditions
(positive electrode) - ANS - 02 + 2H20 + 4e- -> 4OH-
\Electrode reactions in lithium cell
(negative electrode) - ANS - Li → Li+ + e-
\Electrode reactions in lithium cell
(positive electrode) - ANS - Li+ + CoO2 + e- → Li+[CoO2]-
\Electron affinity - ANS - the enthaply change when one mole of gaseous atoms
forms one mole of -1 ions
\electronegativity - ANS - the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a
covalent bond
\empirical formula - ANS - the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each
element in a compound
\enantiomers - ANS - Non-superimposable mirror image
\endothermic - ANS - (of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed
with absorption of heat
\Enthalpy change - ANS - Heat energy change at constant pressure
\enthalpy change of atomisation - ANS - the enthalpy change for the formation of
onemole of gaseous atoms from the element its standard state
\enthalpy change of solution - ANS - the enthalpy change when one mole of
solute dissolves in water
\Enthalpy of atomization - ANS - The energy required to produce one mole of
gaseous atoms from an element in its standard state
Acid hydrolysis of esters - ANS - Acid and alcohol
\activation energy - ANS - The minimum amount of energy needed to start a
chemical reaction
\Activation energy - ANS - the minimum amount of energy required to start a
chemical reaction
\addition polymers - ANS - polymers made from alkenes in an addition reaction
\Alkali - ANS - a soluble base
\Anion - ANS - A negatively charged ion
\atom economy - ANS - molecular mass of the desired product/ sum of the
molecular masses of all reactants x100
\auto catalyst - ANS - Catalyst that is a reaction product
\Base hydrolysis of esters - ANS - Carboxylate ion and alcohol
\Biofuel - ANS - Any fuel made from living organisms or their waste
\bond dissociation energy - ANS - The energy required to break the bond between
two covalently bonded atoms.
\Brosted- lowry Acid - ANS - proton donor
\Brosted- lowry base - ANS - proton acceptor
\buffer - ANS - A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid
or base are added.
\Carbon neutral - ANS - No net annual emissions of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere
\Carboxylic acid + alcohol - ANS - Ester + water
\Carboxylic acid + carbonates - ANS - Salt, carbon dioxide + water
\catalyst - ANS - A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
without being changed by providing an alternative reaction pathway by lowering
activation energy
\Cation - ANS - A positively charged ion
\chain isomer - ANS - different ways of arranging a carbon chain
\chiral carbon - ANS - A carbon atom attached to four different atoms or groups of
atoms.
\co-ordinate bond - ANS - a shared pair of electrons where both electrons are
supplied by one atom
\co-ordination number - ANS - Number of lone pairs bonded to the metal ion
\complex - ANS - a central metal ion or atom surrounded by ligands
\concordant results ins titrations - ANS - similar results to the neares 0.1cm3
, \condensation polymers - ANS - polymers formed from when monomers join
together and eliminate a small molecule such as water or hydrogen chloride
\covalent bond - ANS - a shared pair of electrons between non-metal elements
\Dative covalent bond - ANS - When an electron pair donated by one molecule is
shared between two molecules
\Disproportionation - ANS - when a substance is oxidised and reduced in a
reaction to produce two different products
\Dynamic Equilibrium - ANS - a equilibrium where both the forward and reerse
reactions are occuring a the same rate and the concentrations of the reactants
and products remain constant
\Electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in acidic conditions
(negative electrode) - ANS - H2 -> 2H+ + 2e-
\Electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in acidic conditions
(positive electrode) - ANS - 02 + 4H+ +4e- -> 2H20
\Electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in alkaline conditions
(negative electrode) - ANS - H2 + 2OH- -> 2H2O + 2e-
\Electrode reactions in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell in alkaline conditions
(positive electrode) - ANS - 02 + 2H20 + 4e- -> 4OH-
\Electrode reactions in lithium cell
(negative electrode) - ANS - Li → Li+ + e-
\Electrode reactions in lithium cell
(positive electrode) - ANS - Li+ + CoO2 + e- → Li+[CoO2]-
\Electron affinity - ANS - the enthaply change when one mole of gaseous atoms
forms one mole of -1 ions
\electronegativity - ANS - the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a
covalent bond
\empirical formula - ANS - the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each
element in a compound
\enantiomers - ANS - Non-superimposable mirror image
\endothermic - ANS - (of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed
with absorption of heat
\Enthalpy change - ANS - Heat energy change at constant pressure
\enthalpy change of atomisation - ANS - the enthalpy change for the formation of
onemole of gaseous atoms from the element its standard state
\enthalpy change of solution - ANS - the enthalpy change when one mole of
solute dissolves in water
\Enthalpy of atomization - ANS - The energy required to produce one mole of
gaseous atoms from an element in its standard state
