Chemistry-1 EXAM REVIEW
Alkali Earth Metals - ANS - Group 2, 2 electron in the outer energy level, very
reactive but less reactive than alkali metals, silver, higher densities than alkali
metals; Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium
\Alkali Metals - ANS - Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver,
shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium
\Alloys - ANS - mixtures composed of two or more elements, at least one of which
is a metal
\Amplitude - ANS - the height of a wave's crest
\Anion - ANS - a negatively charged ion
\atom - ANS - (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element
having the chemical properties of the element
\atomic emission spectrum - ANS - the pattern formed when light passes through
a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it
contains
\Atomic Mass - ANS - (chemistry) the mass (in atomic mass units) of an isotope of
an element
\Atomic Mass Unit (amu) - ANS - 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
\Atomic Number - ANS - the order of an element in Mendeleyev's table of the
elements
\atomic orbital - ANS - a region of space in which there is a high probability of
finding an electron
\Atomic Radius - ANS - one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of
the same element when the atoms are joined
\Aufbau Principle - ANS - an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can
receive it
\Cathode Ray - ANS - a beam of electrons emitted by the cathode of an electrical
discharge tube
\Cation - ANS - a positively charged ion
\chemical change - ANS - a change that produces matter with a different
composition than the original matter
\Chemical Formula - ANS - shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of
atoms
\chemical property - ANS - the ability of a substance to undergo a specific
chemical change
\chemical reaction - ANS - the process by which one or more substances change
to produce one or more different substances
, \chemical symbol - ANS - a one or two letter representation of an element
\compound - ANS - a substance made up of atoms of two or more different
elements joined by chemical bonds
\Coordination Number - ANS - the number of ions of opposite charge that
surround each ion in a crystal
\Covalent Bond - ANS - a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of
electrons
\Dalton's Atomic Theory - ANS - 1) elements are composed of atoms. 2) atoms of
same element are identical, but differ from other elements. 3) elements can mix
together 4) atoms only change when mixed with other elements
\Diatomic Molecule - ANS - a molecule consisting of two atoms
\dipole - ANS - a molecule that has two poles
\distillation - ANS - the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing
its vapors
\double covalent bond - ANS - a bond that involves two shared pairs of electrons
\Electromagnetic radiation - ANS - radiation consisting of waves of energy
associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an
electric charge
\Electronegativity - ANS - The ability of an atom to attract electrons when the
atom is in a compound
\Electrons - ANS - negatively charged particles
\element - ANS - any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur
naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in
combination constitute all matter
\Energy Levels - ANS - the fixed energies an electron can have
\extensive property - ANS - a property that depends on the amount of matter in a
sample
\filtration - ANS - the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a
heterogeneous mixture
\Formula Unit - ANS - the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
\frequency - ANS - the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of
time
\gas - ANS - the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by:
relatively low density and viscosity
\ground state - ANS - the lowest energy state of an atom
\group - ANS - Vertical column of elements in the periodic table
\Halide Ions - ANS - the ions that are produced when atoms of chlorine and other
halogens gain electrons
\Halogens - ANS - a nonmetal in group 7A of the periodic table
Alkali Earth Metals - ANS - Group 2, 2 electron in the outer energy level, very
reactive but less reactive than alkali metals, silver, higher densities than alkali
metals; Beryllium, Magnesium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Radium
\Alkali Metals - ANS - Group 1, 1 electron in outer level, very reactive, soft, silver,
shiny, low density; Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Cesium, Francium
\Alloys - ANS - mixtures composed of two or more elements, at least one of which
is a metal
\Amplitude - ANS - the height of a wave's crest
\Anion - ANS - a negatively charged ion
\atom - ANS - (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element
having the chemical properties of the element
\atomic emission spectrum - ANS - the pattern formed when light passes through
a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it
contains
\Atomic Mass - ANS - (chemistry) the mass (in atomic mass units) of an isotope of
an element
\Atomic Mass Unit (amu) - ANS - 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom
\Atomic Number - ANS - the order of an element in Mendeleyev's table of the
elements
\atomic orbital - ANS - a region of space in which there is a high probability of
finding an electron
\Atomic Radius - ANS - one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of
the same element when the atoms are joined
\Aufbau Principle - ANS - an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can
receive it
\Cathode Ray - ANS - a beam of electrons emitted by the cathode of an electrical
discharge tube
\Cation - ANS - a positively charged ion
\chemical change - ANS - a change that produces matter with a different
composition than the original matter
\Chemical Formula - ANS - shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of
atoms
\chemical property - ANS - the ability of a substance to undergo a specific
chemical change
\chemical reaction - ANS - the process by which one or more substances change
to produce one or more different substances
, \chemical symbol - ANS - a one or two letter representation of an element
\compound - ANS - a substance made up of atoms of two or more different
elements joined by chemical bonds
\Coordination Number - ANS - the number of ions of opposite charge that
surround each ion in a crystal
\Covalent Bond - ANS - a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of
electrons
\Dalton's Atomic Theory - ANS - 1) elements are composed of atoms. 2) atoms of
same element are identical, but differ from other elements. 3) elements can mix
together 4) atoms only change when mixed with other elements
\Diatomic Molecule - ANS - a molecule consisting of two atoms
\dipole - ANS - a molecule that has two poles
\distillation - ANS - the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing
its vapors
\double covalent bond - ANS - a bond that involves two shared pairs of electrons
\Electromagnetic radiation - ANS - radiation consisting of waves of energy
associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an
electric charge
\Electronegativity - ANS - The ability of an atom to attract electrons when the
atom is in a compound
\Electrons - ANS - negatively charged particles
\element - ANS - any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur
naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in
combination constitute all matter
\Energy Levels - ANS - the fixed energies an electron can have
\extensive property - ANS - a property that depends on the amount of matter in a
sample
\filtration - ANS - the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a
heterogeneous mixture
\Formula Unit - ANS - the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
\frequency - ANS - the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of
time
\gas - ANS - the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by:
relatively low density and viscosity
\ground state - ANS - the lowest energy state of an atom
\group - ANS - Vertical column of elements in the periodic table
\Halide Ions - ANS - the ions that are produced when atoms of chlorine and other
halogens gain electrons
\Halogens - ANS - a nonmetal in group 7A of the periodic table
