Water Treatment Class 3 – A Exam Latest
Solution
Cross connection - ✔✔✔ - a connection between a potable water system and an unapproved water
supply. Mixing can occur, leading to contamination of drinking water.
Detention time - ✔✔✔ - time required for a small amount of water to pass through a tank at a given
rate of flow. (volume, gal x 24 hr/day)/(flow, gal/day)
Drawdown - ✔✔✔ - 1) drop in the water table or lvl of water in the ground when being pumped from
a well
2) amount of water used from reservoir
3) drop in the water level of a reservoir
Safe yield - ✔✔✔ - annual quantity of water that can be taken from a source of supply over a period
of yrs without depleting the source
Short-circuiting - ✔✔✔ - occurs in a basin: some of the flowing water entering a tank flows along a
direct pathway from the inlet to the outlet. results in shorter contact, reaction, or settling times
Yield - ✔✔✔ - quantity of water that can be collected from a given surface or groundwater source.
Zone of aeration - ✔✔✔ - dry soil or rock between ground surface and top of water table
Zone of saturation - ✔✔✔ - soil or rock located below the top of the groundwater table...saturated
with water
Water characteristics - ✔✔✔ - physical- color, turbidity, temp, taste, and odor.
, chemical- alkalinity, pH, chemical, presence or absence of VOCs, SOCs
biological- presence of viruses, bacteria, algae, etc
radiological - contact with radioactive substances
Safe Drinking Water Act - ✔✔✔ - 1974,
*set national standards regulating the levels of contaminants
* require public water systems to monitor and report lvls of identified contaminants
*establish guidelines for the acceptable treatment technologies
Public water system - ✔✔✔ - 1. has at least 15 service connections OR
2. regularly serves 25 individuals daily (60 days a year)
Community water system - ✔✔✔ - 1. has at least 15 service connections (used by all year residents)
OR
2. regularly serves at least 25 all year residents
3 basic objectives of water treatment - ✔✔✔ - 1. production of safe drinking water
2. production of aesthetically pleasing drinking water
3. production of drinking water at a reasonable cost with respect to capital, operation, and
maintenance costs
3 types of water rights - ✔✔✔ - 1. riparian
2. appropriative
3. presriptive
Surface water supplies are characterized by - ✔✔✔ - soft water, suspended solids, turbidity, some
color, and microbial contamination
Groundwater supplies are characterized by - ✔✔✔ - higher concentrations of dissolved solids,
dissolved gases, low color, relatively high hardness, freedom from microbial contamination
Solution
Cross connection - ✔✔✔ - a connection between a potable water system and an unapproved water
supply. Mixing can occur, leading to contamination of drinking water.
Detention time - ✔✔✔ - time required for a small amount of water to pass through a tank at a given
rate of flow. (volume, gal x 24 hr/day)/(flow, gal/day)
Drawdown - ✔✔✔ - 1) drop in the water table or lvl of water in the ground when being pumped from
a well
2) amount of water used from reservoir
3) drop in the water level of a reservoir
Safe yield - ✔✔✔ - annual quantity of water that can be taken from a source of supply over a period
of yrs without depleting the source
Short-circuiting - ✔✔✔ - occurs in a basin: some of the flowing water entering a tank flows along a
direct pathway from the inlet to the outlet. results in shorter contact, reaction, or settling times
Yield - ✔✔✔ - quantity of water that can be collected from a given surface or groundwater source.
Zone of aeration - ✔✔✔ - dry soil or rock between ground surface and top of water table
Zone of saturation - ✔✔✔ - soil or rock located below the top of the groundwater table...saturated
with water
Water characteristics - ✔✔✔ - physical- color, turbidity, temp, taste, and odor.
, chemical- alkalinity, pH, chemical, presence or absence of VOCs, SOCs
biological- presence of viruses, bacteria, algae, etc
radiological - contact with radioactive substances
Safe Drinking Water Act - ✔✔✔ - 1974,
*set national standards regulating the levels of contaminants
* require public water systems to monitor and report lvls of identified contaminants
*establish guidelines for the acceptable treatment technologies
Public water system - ✔✔✔ - 1. has at least 15 service connections OR
2. regularly serves 25 individuals daily (60 days a year)
Community water system - ✔✔✔ - 1. has at least 15 service connections (used by all year residents)
OR
2. regularly serves at least 25 all year residents
3 basic objectives of water treatment - ✔✔✔ - 1. production of safe drinking water
2. production of aesthetically pleasing drinking water
3. production of drinking water at a reasonable cost with respect to capital, operation, and
maintenance costs
3 types of water rights - ✔✔✔ - 1. riparian
2. appropriative
3. presriptive
Surface water supplies are characterized by - ✔✔✔ - soft water, suspended solids, turbidity, some
color, and microbial contamination
Groundwater supplies are characterized by - ✔✔✔ - higher concentrations of dissolved solids,
dissolved gases, low color, relatively high hardness, freedom from microbial contamination
