STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF THE BODY TEST
BANK EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
anatomy - ANS-the study of an organism and the relationships of its parts; derived from two word parts
that mean "cutting apart"; dissection
dissection - ANS-process of cutting the human body apart for learning
physiology - ANS-the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
scientific method - ANS-systematic approach to discovery; 1) propose hypothesis - idea or principle to be
tested 2) experimentation - series of tests of a hypothesis (a controlled experiment eliminates biases or
outside influences) 3) theory or law - a hypothesis that has been supported by experiments and thus
shown to have a high degree of confidence
experimental controls - ANS-used to ensure that the test situation is not affecting the results
test group - ANS-The experimental group that is exposed to the variable in an experiment.
control group - ANS-the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
theory or law - ANS-a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
levels of organization - ANS-chemical level , organelle level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ
system level, organism level
chemical level - ANS-atoms and molecules
cells - ANS-smallest "living" units of structure and function; organizations of various chemicals
tissues - ANS-an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function
organs - ANS-a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in ways that allow them to act as a
unit to perform a special function
systems - ANS-an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work together to
perform complex functions for the body
organism - ANS-organization of all systems together, forming a whole body
, microbiome - ANS-set of interacting communities of bacteria and other microorganisms that inhabit the
human body; influences normal body funtion
structure fits function - ANS-anatomical parts have structures exactly suited to perform specific
functions
anatomical position - ANS-To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward;
head also points forward, as do the feet, which are aligned at the toe and set slightly apart
bilateral symmetry - ANS-the left and right sides of the body roughly mirror each other
supine - ANS-body is lying face upward
prone - ANS-body is lying face downward
superior - ANS-toward the head; upper, above
inferior - ANS-toward the feet; lower, below
anterior - ANS-front; in front of; ventral
posterior - ANS-back; in back of; dorsal
medial - ANS-toward the midline of the body
lateral - ANS-toward the side of the body or away from its midline
proximal - ANS-toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts
distal - ANS-away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part
superficial - ANS-nearer the surface
deep - ANS-farther away from the body surface
sagittal plane - ANS-a sagittal cut or sections runs along a lengthwise plane running from front to back. it
divides the body or any of its parts into left and right sides
midsagittal plane - ANS-divides the body into two equal halves vertically
frontal (coronal) plane - ANS-lengthwise plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its
parts into anterior and posterior (front and back) portions
transverse plane - ANS-horizontal or crosswise plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and
lower portions
oblique plane - ANS-a cut along a plane that is not parallel to the other planes; slanted
BANK EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
anatomy - ANS-the study of an organism and the relationships of its parts; derived from two word parts
that mean "cutting apart"; dissection
dissection - ANS-process of cutting the human body apart for learning
physiology - ANS-the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts
scientific method - ANS-systematic approach to discovery; 1) propose hypothesis - idea or principle to be
tested 2) experimentation - series of tests of a hypothesis (a controlled experiment eliminates biases or
outside influences) 3) theory or law - a hypothesis that has been supported by experiments and thus
shown to have a high degree of confidence
experimental controls - ANS-used to ensure that the test situation is not affecting the results
test group - ANS-The experimental group that is exposed to the variable in an experiment.
control group - ANS-the group that does not receive the experimental treatment.
theory or law - ANS-a hypothesis that has gained a high level of confidence
levels of organization - ANS-chemical level , organelle level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ
system level, organism level
chemical level - ANS-atoms and molecules
cells - ANS-smallest "living" units of structure and function; organizations of various chemicals
tissues - ANS-an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function
organs - ANS-a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged in ways that allow them to act as a
unit to perform a special function
systems - ANS-an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work together to
perform complex functions for the body
organism - ANS-organization of all systems together, forming a whole body
, microbiome - ANS-set of interacting communities of bacteria and other microorganisms that inhabit the
human body; influences normal body funtion
structure fits function - ANS-anatomical parts have structures exactly suited to perform specific
functions
anatomical position - ANS-To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward;
head also points forward, as do the feet, which are aligned at the toe and set slightly apart
bilateral symmetry - ANS-the left and right sides of the body roughly mirror each other
supine - ANS-body is lying face upward
prone - ANS-body is lying face downward
superior - ANS-toward the head; upper, above
inferior - ANS-toward the feet; lower, below
anterior - ANS-front; in front of; ventral
posterior - ANS-back; in back of; dorsal
medial - ANS-toward the midline of the body
lateral - ANS-toward the side of the body or away from its midline
proximal - ANS-toward or nearest the trunk of the body, or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts
distal - ANS-away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part
superficial - ANS-nearer the surface
deep - ANS-farther away from the body surface
sagittal plane - ANS-a sagittal cut or sections runs along a lengthwise plane running from front to back. it
divides the body or any of its parts into left and right sides
midsagittal plane - ANS-divides the body into two equal halves vertically
frontal (coronal) plane - ANS-lengthwise plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its
parts into anterior and posterior (front and back) portions
transverse plane - ANS-horizontal or crosswise plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and
lower portions
oblique plane - ANS-a cut along a plane that is not parallel to the other planes; slanted
