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C vs C++: A Detailed Comparison with Features and Applications

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2024/2025 Written for academic year
Institution Harvard University
Course COMPUTER SCIENCE
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This document compares C and C++, highlighting their features, syntax differences, use cases, and performance. Learn how these two languages differ in programming paradigms, with examples to help you decide when to use C or C++ for your projects.

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Comparison Between C and C++
1. Paradigm
 C: Procedural programming language focused on functions and structured
programming.
 C++: Multi-paradigm language that supports both procedural and object-
oriented programming.

2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
 C: Does not support OOP. Concepts like classes and objects are absent.
 C++: Fully supports OOP concepts such as classes, inheritance,
polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

3. Memory Management
 C: Requires manual memory management using malloc() and free().
 C++: Supports manual memory management with new and delete
operators, and offers smart pointers for safer memory handling.

4. Standard Library
 C: Limited standard library; mostly provides functions for file I/O, memory,
and string manipulation.
 C++: Rich Standard Template Library (STL) with pre-built data structures
(e.g., vectors, stacks), algorithms, and iterators.

5. Performance
 C: Slightly faster due to its simplicity and lack of abstractions.
 C++: May have minor performance overhead due to OOP and STL but
provides greater development efficiency.

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