NR545-14176 EXAM #2 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Pleural pain results from inflammation or infection of the parietal pleura - answer-it is
cyclic pain that increases as the inflamed membrane is stretched with inspiration or
coughing
Friction rub may be heard, a soft sound produced as the rough membranes move
against each other. - answer-pleural inflammation may be caused by lobar pneumonia
or lung infarction
Clubbed fingers and sometimes toes result from chronic hypoxia associated with
respiratory or cardiovascular diseases - answer-it is a painless, firm, fibrotic
enlargement at the end of the digit
Hypoxemia refers to inadequate oxygen in the blood - answer-hypoxia refers to
inadequate oxygen supply to the cells
Hypoxemia and hypoxia may occur because of the following:
A. A deficit of rbcs or hemoglobin levels that are too low for adequate oxygen transport.
B. Circulatory impairment
C. Excessive release of oxygen from rbcs if circulation is sluggish through the system or
is partially obstructed by vascular disease - answer-d. Impaired respiratory function,
including inadequate ventilation, inhalation or oxygen-deficient air, or impaired diffusion
E. Carbon monoxide poisoning, in which carbon monoxide binds tightly and
preferentially to heme, displacing oxygen.
Carbon monoxide s/s is bright read coloring of the skin and mucosa with headache and
drowsiness - answer-can be fatal quickly and quietly
Hypoxia affects cell metabolism, reducing cell function and leading to anaerobic
metabolism and the development of metabolic acidosis - answer-decreased cell function
is indicated by fatigue, lethargy or stupor, and muscle weakness. Extreme or prolonged
hypoxia can result in cell death
The brain is susceptible to an oxygen deficit because - answer-it has little storage
capacity for oxygen but it has a constant demand
Compensation mechanisms for hypoxia due to respiratory impairment include increased
cardiovascular activity such as tachycardia and increased blood pressure. Also -
answer-erythropoietin secretion is increased
Respiratory acidosis due to excess carbon dioxide is more common and results form
impaired expiration arterial blood gases in this situation indicate high pco2 and low
, serum ph - answer-respiratory alkalosis occurs when the respiratory rate is increased,
usually because of acute anxiety or excessive intake of aspirin
Bronchiolitis (respiratory syncytial virus infection) is common infection in young children
2 to 12 months of age and is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a myxovirus
- answer-bronchiolitis is transmitted directly by oral droplet and occurs more frequently
in the winter months.
Predisposing factors of bronchiolitis include familial history of asthma and the presence
of cigarette smoke - answer-the virus causes necrosis and inflammation in the small
bronchi and bronchioles with edema, increased secretions and reflex bronchospasm
leading to obstruction of the small airways
Bronchiolitis s/s - answer-wheezing, dyspnea; rapid, shallow respirations, cough, rales,
chest retractions, fever and malaise
Bronchiolitis treatment - answer-is supportive and symptomatic, with monitoring of blood
gases in severe cases to ensure that oxygen levels are adequate. Respiratory syncytial
virus immunoglobulin serum or palivizumab, an rsv monoclonal antibody may be
administered to reduce the severity of infection, particularly in premature infants
The most common agents of pneumonia - answer-virus, bacterium, and fungus
Lobar pneumonia is usually bacterial - answer-the most common agent being a
pneumococcus, but other causative organisms include staphylococcus aureas and
legionella
In immune suppressed individuals, other organisms such as - answer-candida (fungus)
or pneumocystis carinii may cause pneumonia
Viral pneumonias cause pathophysiologic changes primarily in the interstitial tissue or
alveolar septae - answer-in other types, such as pneumococcal, the alveoli are inflamed
and filled with exudate, resulting in a solid mass in the lobe
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) pneumonia affects those with less resistance, the
elderly, the debilitated, the malnourished, or the immune suppressed - answer-most of
these infections result from gram negative organisms such as klebsiella pneumoniae or
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Community pneumonia may be - answer-viral or bacterial
Aspiration pneumonia may be - answer-viral or bacterial
Typical manifestations of pneumococcal pneumonia include the following: - answer-
sudden onset, systemic signs of high fever with chills, marked fatigue and leukocytosis,
dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, pleuritic pain with splinting or restriction of respiratory
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Pleural pain results from inflammation or infection of the parietal pleura - answer-it is
cyclic pain that increases as the inflamed membrane is stretched with inspiration or
coughing
Friction rub may be heard, a soft sound produced as the rough membranes move
against each other. - answer-pleural inflammation may be caused by lobar pneumonia
or lung infarction
Clubbed fingers and sometimes toes result from chronic hypoxia associated with
respiratory or cardiovascular diseases - answer-it is a painless, firm, fibrotic
enlargement at the end of the digit
Hypoxemia refers to inadequate oxygen in the blood - answer-hypoxia refers to
inadequate oxygen supply to the cells
Hypoxemia and hypoxia may occur because of the following:
A. A deficit of rbcs or hemoglobin levels that are too low for adequate oxygen transport.
B. Circulatory impairment
C. Excessive release of oxygen from rbcs if circulation is sluggish through the system or
is partially obstructed by vascular disease - answer-d. Impaired respiratory function,
including inadequate ventilation, inhalation or oxygen-deficient air, or impaired diffusion
E. Carbon monoxide poisoning, in which carbon monoxide binds tightly and
preferentially to heme, displacing oxygen.
Carbon monoxide s/s is bright read coloring of the skin and mucosa with headache and
drowsiness - answer-can be fatal quickly and quietly
Hypoxia affects cell metabolism, reducing cell function and leading to anaerobic
metabolism and the development of metabolic acidosis - answer-decreased cell function
is indicated by fatigue, lethargy or stupor, and muscle weakness. Extreme or prolonged
hypoxia can result in cell death
The brain is susceptible to an oxygen deficit because - answer-it has little storage
capacity for oxygen but it has a constant demand
Compensation mechanisms for hypoxia due to respiratory impairment include increased
cardiovascular activity such as tachycardia and increased blood pressure. Also -
answer-erythropoietin secretion is increased
Respiratory acidosis due to excess carbon dioxide is more common and results form
impaired expiration arterial blood gases in this situation indicate high pco2 and low
, serum ph - answer-respiratory alkalosis occurs when the respiratory rate is increased,
usually because of acute anxiety or excessive intake of aspirin
Bronchiolitis (respiratory syncytial virus infection) is common infection in young children
2 to 12 months of age and is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a myxovirus
- answer-bronchiolitis is transmitted directly by oral droplet and occurs more frequently
in the winter months.
Predisposing factors of bronchiolitis include familial history of asthma and the presence
of cigarette smoke - answer-the virus causes necrosis and inflammation in the small
bronchi and bronchioles with edema, increased secretions and reflex bronchospasm
leading to obstruction of the small airways
Bronchiolitis s/s - answer-wheezing, dyspnea; rapid, shallow respirations, cough, rales,
chest retractions, fever and malaise
Bronchiolitis treatment - answer-is supportive and symptomatic, with monitoring of blood
gases in severe cases to ensure that oxygen levels are adequate. Respiratory syncytial
virus immunoglobulin serum or palivizumab, an rsv monoclonal antibody may be
administered to reduce the severity of infection, particularly in premature infants
The most common agents of pneumonia - answer-virus, bacterium, and fungus
Lobar pneumonia is usually bacterial - answer-the most common agent being a
pneumococcus, but other causative organisms include staphylococcus aureas and
legionella
In immune suppressed individuals, other organisms such as - answer-candida (fungus)
or pneumocystis carinii may cause pneumonia
Viral pneumonias cause pathophysiologic changes primarily in the interstitial tissue or
alveolar septae - answer-in other types, such as pneumococcal, the alveoli are inflamed
and filled with exudate, resulting in a solid mass in the lobe
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) pneumonia affects those with less resistance, the
elderly, the debilitated, the malnourished, or the immune suppressed - answer-most of
these infections result from gram negative organisms such as klebsiella pneumoniae or
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Community pneumonia may be - answer-viral or bacterial
Aspiration pneumonia may be - answer-viral or bacterial
Typical manifestations of pneumococcal pneumonia include the following: - answer-
sudden onset, systemic signs of high fever with chills, marked fatigue and leukocytosis,
dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, pleuritic pain with splinting or restriction of respiratory
