TEST BANK - Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 4th Edition by Butts & Rich, All 26 Chapters Covered, Verified Latest Edition

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PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES FOR ADVANCED
NURSING PRACTICE 4TH EDITION /ALL CHAPTERS
1-26

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Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction EB EB EB EB EB EB EB




1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
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A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
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C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
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D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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Accurate answer:-A EB




2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work EB




B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities EB EB EB B
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D. E B Pathology

Accurate answer:-D EB




3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
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world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she perf
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orms and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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Roberta’s views are most closTeElySrT
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leA
ctN
EBivKe SoELhLiE
fw chRs.chCoOoM
l of scientific thought?
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A. Natural Science EB B
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B. Human Science
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C. Applied Science
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D. Soft ScienceAcc
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urate answer:-B EB




4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
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A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some
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type of human need.
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B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB B
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subjectivity was introduced to the experiment. EB EB EB EB EB




C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account. EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB




D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results
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in repeat experiments.
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Accurate answer:-C EB




5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the commo EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB




nsubjective biases of different disciplines.
B
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B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB B
E




functional abilities. EB




C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific aim in order to better a situationor c
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hange viewpoints. EB




D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB B
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controlling outcomes. EB




Accurate answer:-D EB




6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor ha
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s asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equip
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ment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discoverthat
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they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
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Peter’s discovery exemplify? EB EB




A. Intersubjective testability EB




B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision EB EB




D. Coherence

Accurate answer:-A EB




7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
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A. Thinking for the sake of thinking. EB EB EB EB EB




B. Utilization of process and outcome. EB EB EB EB




C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism. EB EB EB EB




D. Application of epistemology and ontology. EB EB EB EB




Accurate answer:-C EB




8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which source
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of knowledge?
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A. Doctrine
B. Common sense EB B
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C. Tradition
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D. AuthoritE B




yAccurate an
B
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swer:-C

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9. Francisco is a chemist who rigidly applies the scientific method to all that he does, whet
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her in the lab or out of it, and strongly believes that all relationships are governed by cause
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and effect. He sees little need for subjectivity in any area of his life, believing insteadthat th
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e world is an external concept completely independent of individual thoughts or desires.
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Which philosophical school best describes Francisco’s outlook on the world?
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A. Phenomenology EB




B. E B Logical positivism EB




C. E B Hermeneutics
D. E B Post-

structuralismAccurat B
E




e answer:-B
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10. Which statement would an adherent of the perceived view most likely make?
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A. “Observation is completely unbiased.” EB EB EB




B. “Descriptive law is the gold standard of science.” EB EB EB EB EB EB EB




C. “Individual phenomenon make up the whole that is the universe.” EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB B
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D. “Theories are neither right nor wrong.”
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Accurate answer:-D EB




11. Which philosophy subscribes to the idea that the universe is a whole made of interrelated
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parts?

A. Logical positivism EB




B. Chaos and Complexity EB EB




C. Post-Structuralism
D. Hermeneutic

sAccurate answ
B
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er:-B