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2024/25 | PHARMACOLOGY ADVANCED FINAL NR 565 |2024-
2025 LATEST VERSION COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - Answer: Thin, dry hair
Thick, brittle nails
constipation
bradycardia
Goiter
PeriOrbital edema
cold intolerance
weight gain
signs and symptoms hyperthyroidism - Answer: 1. heat intolerance (high heat
production)
2. weight loss, increased appetite
3. hyperactivity
4. diarrhea
5. high reflexes
6. pretibial myxedema (Graves)
7. warm moist skin; fine hair
8. chest pain, palpitations, arrhythmias, increased β-adrenergic receptors
Treatment of thyroid storm - Answer: - Propylthiouracil (preferred) or
methimazole
- iodine-potassium solutions
- glucocorticoids
- beta blockers
Result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy - Answer: Permanent
neuro-psychological deficits in the child. Decrease IQ/neuropsychological
function. First trimester.
Treatment of hyperthyroidism - Answer: - Radioactive iodine (I131) works by
destroying the thyroid gland
- Surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid gland
- Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement will be needed
Levothyroxine interactions - Answer: anticoagulants
, 2|Page
antacids
sucralfate
turnips, cabbage, strawberries, peaches, spinach, peas, radishes
how to diagnose diabetes - Answer: Elevation of blood glucose, as determined by
one of three tests:
1) Random blood glucose concentration higher than 200 mg/dL
2) Fasting glucose concentration of 126 mg/dL on more than one occasion
3) Abnormal oral glucose tolerance test
A1C goal for diabetics - Answer: 7% per ADA standards
A1C goal for older adults - Answer: 7-8%
When treating diabetes when should insulin be considered - Answer: A1C greater
than 10%
How often should A1C be rechecked - Answer: Every 3-4 months
What is the action of insulin - Answer: Transporting glucose through the cell
membrane therefore lowering blood glucose
Pioglitazone (Actos) contraindications - Answer: Type 1 diabetes
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypersensitivity
Clinical evidence of active liver disease
Active bladder cancer
Diabetic drug classifications - Answer: GLP-1
TZD
DPP-4i
Sulfonylureas
SGLT2i
Which drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to insulin - Answer: It is
recommended that a GLP-1 be considered before starting insulin. Metformin first
always unless contraindicated.
2024/25 | PHARMACOLOGY ADVANCED FINAL NR 565 |2024-
2025 LATEST VERSION COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - Answer: Thin, dry hair
Thick, brittle nails
constipation
bradycardia
Goiter
PeriOrbital edema
cold intolerance
weight gain
signs and symptoms hyperthyroidism - Answer: 1. heat intolerance (high heat
production)
2. weight loss, increased appetite
3. hyperactivity
4. diarrhea
5. high reflexes
6. pretibial myxedema (Graves)
7. warm moist skin; fine hair
8. chest pain, palpitations, arrhythmias, increased β-adrenergic receptors
Treatment of thyroid storm - Answer: - Propylthiouracil (preferred) or
methimazole
- iodine-potassium solutions
- glucocorticoids
- beta blockers
Result of not treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy - Answer: Permanent
neuro-psychological deficits in the child. Decrease IQ/neuropsychological
function. First trimester.
Treatment of hyperthyroidism - Answer: - Radioactive iodine (I131) works by
destroying the thyroid gland
- Surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid gland
- Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement will be needed
Levothyroxine interactions - Answer: anticoagulants
, 2|Page
antacids
sucralfate
turnips, cabbage, strawberries, peaches, spinach, peas, radishes
how to diagnose diabetes - Answer: Elevation of blood glucose, as determined by
one of three tests:
1) Random blood glucose concentration higher than 200 mg/dL
2) Fasting glucose concentration of 126 mg/dL on more than one occasion
3) Abnormal oral glucose tolerance test
A1C goal for diabetics - Answer: 7% per ADA standards
A1C goal for older adults - Answer: 7-8%
When treating diabetes when should insulin be considered - Answer: A1C greater
than 10%
How often should A1C be rechecked - Answer: Every 3-4 months
What is the action of insulin - Answer: Transporting glucose through the cell
membrane therefore lowering blood glucose
Pioglitazone (Actos) contraindications - Answer: Type 1 diabetes
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypersensitivity
Clinical evidence of active liver disease
Active bladder cancer
Diabetic drug classifications - Answer: GLP-1
TZD
DPP-4i
Sulfonylureas
SGLT2i
Which drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to insulin - Answer: It is
recommended that a GLP-1 be considered before starting insulin. Metformin first
always unless contraindicated.
