SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL for Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell Updated A+

SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition
by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28

,Artificial Intelligence
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1 Introduction ...
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2 Intelligent Agents ...
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II Problem-solving
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3 Solving Problems by Searching ...
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4 Search in Complex Environments ...
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5 Adversarial Search and Games ...
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6 Constraint Satisfaction Problems ...
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III Knowledge, reasoning, and planning
v v v v



7 Logical Agents ...
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8 First-Order Logic ...
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9 Inference in First-Order Logic ...
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10 Knowledge Representation ...
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11 Automated Planning ...
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IV Uncertain knowledge and reasoning
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12 Quantifying Uncertainty ...
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13 Probabilistic Reasoning ...
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14 Probabilistic Reasoning over Time ...
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15 Probabilistic Programming ...
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16 Making Simple Decisions ...
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17 Making Complex Decisions ...
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18 Multiagent Decision Making ...
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V Machine Learning
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, 19 Learning from Examples ...
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20 Learning Probabilistic Models ...
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21 Deep Learning ...
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22 Reinforcement Learning ...
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VI Communicating, perceiving, and acting
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23 Natural Language Processing ...
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24 Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing ...
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25 Computer Vision ...
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26 Robotics ...
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VII Conclusions
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27 Philosophy, Ethics, and Safety of AI ...
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28 The Future of AI
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, EXERCISES v v
1
INTRODUCTION
Notevthatvforvmanyvofvthevquestionsvinvthisvchapter,vwevgivevreferencesvwherevanswersvcanvb
evfoundvrathervthanvwritingvthemvout—thevfullvanswersvwouldvbevfarvtoovlong.

1.1 What Is AI?
v v v




Exercisev1.1.#DEFA
Definevinvyourvownvwords:v (a)vintelligence,v(b)vartificialvintelligence,v(c)vagent,v(d)vra-
vtionality,v(e)vlogicalvreasoning.




a. Dictionaryvdefinitionsvofvintelligencevtalkvaboutv“thevcapacityvtovacquirevandvapplyvk
nowledge”vorv“thevfacultyvofvthoughtvandvreason”vorv“thevabilityvtovcomprehendvandv
profitvfromvexperience.”v Thesevarevallvreasonablevanswers,vbutvifvwevwantvsomethingv
quantifiablevwevwouldvusevsomethingvlikev“thevabilityvtovactvsuccessfullyvacrossvavwid
evrangevofvobjectivesvinvcomplexvenvironments.”
b. Wevdefinevartificialvintelligencevasvthevstudyvandvconstructionvofvagentvprogramsvtha
tvperformvwellvinvavgivenvclassvofvenvironments,vforvavgivenvagentvarchitecture;vtheyvd
ovthevrightvthing.v Anvimportantvpartvofvthatvisvdealingvwithvthevuncertaintyvofvwhatvth
evcurrentvstatevis,vwhatvthevoutcomevofvpossiblevactionsvmightvbe,vandvwhatvisvitvthatv
wevreallyvdesire.
c. Wevdefinevanvagentvasvanventityvthatvtakesvactionvinvresponsevtovperceptsvfromvanvenvi
-vronment.
d. Wevdefinevrationalityvasvthevpropertyvofvavsystemvwhichvdoesvthev“rightvthing”vgiven
vwhatvitvknows.v SeevSectionv2.2vforvavmorevcompletevdiscussion.v Thevbasicvconceptvi

svperfectvrationality;vSectionv??vdescribesvthevimpossibilityvofvachievingvperfectvration
al-vityvandvproposesvanvalternativevdefinition.
e. Wevdefinevlogicalvreasoningvasvthevavprocessvofvderivingvnewvsentencesvfromvold,vsuc
hvthatvthevnewvsentencesvarevnecessarilyvtruevifvthevoldvonesvarevtrue.v(Noticevthatvdoesv
notvrefervtovanyvspecificvsyntaxvorvformalvlanguage,vbutvitvdoesvrequirevavwell-
definedvnotionvofvtruth.)


Exercisev1.1.#TURI
ReadvTuring’svoriginalvpapervonvAIv(Turing,v1950).v Invthevpaper,vhevdiscussesvseveralvobj
ectionsvtovhisvproposedventerprisevandvhisvtestvforvintelligence.vWhichvobjectionsvstillvcarry


©v2023vPearsonvEducation,vHoboken,vNJ.vAllvrightsvreserve
d.