Classical and Operant Conditioning Quiz Study Guide

Learning - ANS learning is relatively due to change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience -classical conditioning -operant conditioning -observational learning Classical Conditioning - ANS -learning to associate one stimulus with another -natural and reflexive reaction -person/animal not choosing to act-- they are reacting ex: learned that when there is lightning thunder may follow Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - ANS a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response Unconditioned Response (UCR) - ANS unlearned naturally occurring responses to UCS Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - ANS an originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with UCS, comes to trigger a response Conditioned Response (CR) - ANS the learned response to a previously neutral stimulus Example of Classical Conditioning - ANS UCS: Thunder UCR: Fear CS: Lightning CR: Fear Taste Aversion - ANS evolutionary response to foods that may kill you-only requires 1 trial -food poisoning-not like the food anymore -latent inhibition Tips for remembering reinforcement schedules - ANS fixed=same variable=changing interval=time based ratio=#based Fixed Ratio Schedules - ANS a schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses ex: if your playing a video game you might only be able to go to next level if you receive a certain # of tokens Variable Ratio Schedules - ANS reinforcers a response after an unpredictable # of responses ex: if your a girl scout your uncertain how many house you will have to visit to make a sale, but the more houses they try, the more likely they will succeed. Fixed Interval Schedule - ANS a schedule that reinforces after a specified or fixed period of time ex: mail gets delivered at same time every Variable Interval Schedule - ANS reinforces a response after an unpredictable period of time examples: --rechecking snapchat --pop quizzes --fishing--sometimes it takes 15 minutes to catch a fish, sometimes you could be there 3 hours and not catch anything Over justification Effect - ANS giving a reward for something someone already likes to do. This is unfavorable because the person will lose the interval interest and rely on rewards for behavior ex: a basketball fanatic being paid to play basketball and finding it less entertaining. Operant Conditioning - ANS A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. Law of Effect - ANS rewarded behavior is likely to recur and punished behavior is less likely to recur Shaping - ANS an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of desired behavior Punishment - ANS a event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows Positive Punishment - ANS Add unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior ex: a child picks his nose during class and the teacher reprimands him in front of his classmates. Negative Punishment - ANS Remove pleasant stimulus to decrease behavior Positive Reinforcers - ANS Add pleasant stimulus to increase behavio Negative Reinforcers - ANS Remove unpleasant stimulus to increase behavio Learning - ANS learning is relatively due to change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience -classical conditioning -operant conditioning -observational learning Classical Conditioning - ANS -learning to associate one stimulus with another -natural and reflexive reaction -person/animal not choosing to act-- they are reacting ex: learned that when there is lightning thunder may follow Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) - ANS a stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response Unconditioned Response (UCR) - ANS unlearned naturally occurring responses to UCS