OT 611 CVAs EXAM STUDY GUIDE
stroke - ANSWER an acute neurological event of vascular origin that impact brain
functioning
vascular damage to the brain - ANSWER disrupts blood flow and oxygen supply to
surrounding cells, leading to brain tissue death or infarction
CVA epidemiology - ANSWER -occurs every 40 seconds, 4th among COD
-$36.5 billion in healthcare services
-1.25x higher incidence in men than women
-long-term health related QoL decreases after CVA
25% of people who have stroke will have recurring within 5 years
common impairments for CVA - ANSWER -motor dysfunction opposite side of
hemisphere CVA occurs
-sensory impairment
-cognitive and perceptual impairment
-visual disturbances
-behavioral changes
-swallowing deficits
-speech and language function impairment
symptoms and prognosis for stroke are determined by - ANSWER mechanism, location,
extent of lesion
ischemic stroke - ANSWER -87% of CVAs, 8-12% sudden mortality
-caused by insufficient blood flow to meet metabolic demands
-most often caused from obstruction of blood vessels
-can result from blood flow reduction as occurs in cardiac arrest
thrombus - ANSWER blood clot, cerebral forms within cerebral vessel
embolism - ANSWER originates in heart of arterial source outside the brain
hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWER -rupture of a weakened vessel, intracranial (50-67%),
, subarachnoid (33-55%)
-caused by HTN, aneurysm, AVN, trauma, drug use
aneurysm - ANSWER weakening of artery wall resulting in bulge of artery
arteriovenous malformations - ANSWER tangle of abnormal bv connecting arteries and
veins without an intervening capillary bed
transient ischemic attack - ANSWER -event that results in neurological symptoms
resembling a stroke
-temporary blockage of blood supply
-warning sign of impending stroke, precede 12% of all CVAs
non modifiable risk factors for CVA - ANSWER age, gender, race, ethnicity, genetic
factors
modifiable risk factors for CVA - ANSWER HTN, diabetes, disorders of heart rhythm,
high cholesterol and other lipids, smoking, obesity, lifestyle factors
cortical CVA - ANSWER impact areas of cerebral cortex
frontal, parietal, temporal or occipital lobes
subcortical CVA - ANSWER impact structures below the cortex
internal capsule, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum
anterior CVA - ANSWER carotid artery and branches
posterior CVA - ANSWER vertebrobasilar system
border zone or watershed CVA - ANSWER occur in junction between two main arteries
worst because it can infiltrate both sides
warning signs for CVA - ANSWER numbness, confusion, trouble speaking, difficulty
seeing, dizziness, trouble walking, loss of balance and coordination, severe headache
ischemic symptoms - ANSWER focial deficits
hemorrhagic symptoms - ANSWER vital signs appear abnormal, headache,
nausea/vomiting, seizure, stiff neck, loss of consciousness
medical management for CVA depends on - ANSWER lesion, location, neurological
deficits and associated medical problems, available technology, access to trained
medical professionals, ability and willingness of patients and their supportive network to
cooperate with treatment recommendations
acute stroke care for CVA - ANSWER -determining cause and site of stroke
stroke - ANSWER an acute neurological event of vascular origin that impact brain
functioning
vascular damage to the brain - ANSWER disrupts blood flow and oxygen supply to
surrounding cells, leading to brain tissue death or infarction
CVA epidemiology - ANSWER -occurs every 40 seconds, 4th among COD
-$36.5 billion in healthcare services
-1.25x higher incidence in men than women
-long-term health related QoL decreases after CVA
25% of people who have stroke will have recurring within 5 years
common impairments for CVA - ANSWER -motor dysfunction opposite side of
hemisphere CVA occurs
-sensory impairment
-cognitive and perceptual impairment
-visual disturbances
-behavioral changes
-swallowing deficits
-speech and language function impairment
symptoms and prognosis for stroke are determined by - ANSWER mechanism, location,
extent of lesion
ischemic stroke - ANSWER -87% of CVAs, 8-12% sudden mortality
-caused by insufficient blood flow to meet metabolic demands
-most often caused from obstruction of blood vessels
-can result from blood flow reduction as occurs in cardiac arrest
thrombus - ANSWER blood clot, cerebral forms within cerebral vessel
embolism - ANSWER originates in heart of arterial source outside the brain
hemorrhagic stroke - ANSWER -rupture of a weakened vessel, intracranial (50-67%),
, subarachnoid (33-55%)
-caused by HTN, aneurysm, AVN, trauma, drug use
aneurysm - ANSWER weakening of artery wall resulting in bulge of artery
arteriovenous malformations - ANSWER tangle of abnormal bv connecting arteries and
veins without an intervening capillary bed
transient ischemic attack - ANSWER -event that results in neurological symptoms
resembling a stroke
-temporary blockage of blood supply
-warning sign of impending stroke, precede 12% of all CVAs
non modifiable risk factors for CVA - ANSWER age, gender, race, ethnicity, genetic
factors
modifiable risk factors for CVA - ANSWER HTN, diabetes, disorders of heart rhythm,
high cholesterol and other lipids, smoking, obesity, lifestyle factors
cortical CVA - ANSWER impact areas of cerebral cortex
frontal, parietal, temporal or occipital lobes
subcortical CVA - ANSWER impact structures below the cortex
internal capsule, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum
anterior CVA - ANSWER carotid artery and branches
posterior CVA - ANSWER vertebrobasilar system
border zone or watershed CVA - ANSWER occur in junction between two main arteries
worst because it can infiltrate both sides
warning signs for CVA - ANSWER numbness, confusion, trouble speaking, difficulty
seeing, dizziness, trouble walking, loss of balance and coordination, severe headache
ischemic symptoms - ANSWER focial deficits
hemorrhagic symptoms - ANSWER vital signs appear abnormal, headache,
nausea/vomiting, seizure, stiff neck, loss of consciousness
medical management for CVA depends on - ANSWER lesion, location, neurological
deficits and associated medical problems, available technology, access to trained
medical professionals, ability and willingness of patients and their supportive network to
cooperate with treatment recommendations
acute stroke care for CVA - ANSWER -determining cause and site of stroke
