Nazi summary
How did Hitler consolidate power?
- trade unions banned in 1933 and replaced by DAF German Labour Front
- Reichstag fire 27th Feb 1933 – Nazis blamed young Dutch communist Van de Lube
- Reichstag Fire Decree – suspends individual rights, legally arrest political components and ban opposition newspapers
- elections called by Hitler to restore pride in Germany – 5 th Mar 1933
- Goring added 50,000 SA into police to help campaign
- 69 people died in street fighting
- enabling act – 23rd Mar Reichstag met in Kroll Opera House to consider enabling law – communists refused in (81 KPD
+ 26 SPD) and SA surrounded
- passed by 444 to 94 votes
- by 14th July = no parties
- SA membership increased from 425,000 in 1933 to 3 million in 1934
- 30th June 1934 – Rohm and other senior SA officers were arrested in the Night of Long Knives and shot the next day
- army swore loyalty to Hitler
Nature of the Nazi government
- Hitler myth
- all legislative powers granted to Hitler
- the Reichstag passed 7 laws between 1933-45
- Lammers controlled flow of information to Hitler
- 1933 cabinet met 72 times and didn’t meet at all in 1939
- local govt taken over by centrally appointed official – local gauleiter
Church
- Day of Potsdam 1933 held in Potsdam church
- July 1933 = Concordat signed with church, Nazis won’t interfere
- 1936 church groups end and clergy arrest of 200 priests
- German Faith Movement – new Pagan Nazi faith, remained small with 3.5 million members
- 1934 Confessional church breaks away from state
- Cardinal Galens led catholic protest against Nazi euthanasia
- Dietrich Bonhoffer showed vocal opposition to Hitler’s euthanasia and genocidal persecution of the Jews – sent to
concentration camp
Education
- 1937 10 Adolf Hitler Schools
- SS set up 39 NAPOLAS in 1933 – to educate future SS leadership
- 1938 new curriculum – PE took up 15% of the timetable
- National Socialist Teachers League – Jan 1933 had 6000 members but by 1937 it was 97% (was made compulsory)
- teaching became less popular: 1938 = 2500 new teachers qualified and 8000 teaching vacancies
Opposition to education
Edelweiss Pirates
- 2000 by 1939
- activities included camps, songs etc
- most cities had a form of Edelweiss Pirates group but they didn’t always use the title – in Cologne: Navajos
- 1942 = 700 arrested
How did Hitler consolidate power?
- trade unions banned in 1933 and replaced by DAF German Labour Front
- Reichstag fire 27th Feb 1933 – Nazis blamed young Dutch communist Van de Lube
- Reichstag Fire Decree – suspends individual rights, legally arrest political components and ban opposition newspapers
- elections called by Hitler to restore pride in Germany – 5 th Mar 1933
- Goring added 50,000 SA into police to help campaign
- 69 people died in street fighting
- enabling act – 23rd Mar Reichstag met in Kroll Opera House to consider enabling law – communists refused in (81 KPD
+ 26 SPD) and SA surrounded
- passed by 444 to 94 votes
- by 14th July = no parties
- SA membership increased from 425,000 in 1933 to 3 million in 1934
- 30th June 1934 – Rohm and other senior SA officers were arrested in the Night of Long Knives and shot the next day
- army swore loyalty to Hitler
Nature of the Nazi government
- Hitler myth
- all legislative powers granted to Hitler
- the Reichstag passed 7 laws between 1933-45
- Lammers controlled flow of information to Hitler
- 1933 cabinet met 72 times and didn’t meet at all in 1939
- local govt taken over by centrally appointed official – local gauleiter
Church
- Day of Potsdam 1933 held in Potsdam church
- July 1933 = Concordat signed with church, Nazis won’t interfere
- 1936 church groups end and clergy arrest of 200 priests
- German Faith Movement – new Pagan Nazi faith, remained small with 3.5 million members
- 1934 Confessional church breaks away from state
- Cardinal Galens led catholic protest against Nazi euthanasia
- Dietrich Bonhoffer showed vocal opposition to Hitler’s euthanasia and genocidal persecution of the Jews – sent to
concentration camp
Education
- 1937 10 Adolf Hitler Schools
- SS set up 39 NAPOLAS in 1933 – to educate future SS leadership
- 1938 new curriculum – PE took up 15% of the timetable
- National Socialist Teachers League – Jan 1933 had 6000 members but by 1937 it was 97% (was made compulsory)
- teaching became less popular: 1938 = 2500 new teachers qualified and 8000 teaching vacancies
Opposition to education
Edelweiss Pirates
- 2000 by 1939
- activities included camps, songs etc
- most cities had a form of Edelweiss Pirates group but they didn’t always use the title – in Cologne: Navajos
- 1942 = 700 arrested
