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UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST BANK
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES Already Graded A+ 2024-2025 Ace
Your EXAM
Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 1
1. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the
nurse why this happened. How should the nurse respond? A deficiency in
can cause impaired muscle contraction.
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
The cell uses ATP for muscle contraction. when it is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results.
GTP is involved in cell signaling, not muscle contraction. AMP is not
involved in muscle contraction.
GMP is not involved in muscle contraction.
2. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle
ANS: D
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Most of the ATP is generated during the citric acid cycle.
Larger molecules are broken down into smaller units during digestion; no ATP is produced during this cycle.
During glycolysis, two molecules of ATP are produced from each glucose molecule, but the most ATP is produced
during the citric acid cycle.
Oxidation is part of the glycolysis process and ATP is produced, but more ATP is produced during the citric acid
cycle.
3. A nurse is teaching the staff about the three phases of cellular catabolism. Which of the following should
the nurse include?
a. Digestion, glycolysis and oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
ANS: A
Digestion, glycolysis and oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the three phases of cellular catabolism.
Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport are parts of the movement of fluids in and out of cells.
The S, G, and M phases are phases of cellular division, not catabolism. Metabolic
absorption, respiration, and excretion are functions of the cell.
4. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his
continued muscle performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
e. ANS: C
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When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The
electron-transport chain is part of the citric acid cycle. Aerobic
glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance.
5. The faculty member asked the student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of small,
electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable barrier. Which answer indicates the nursing student
understood the teaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport
ANS: B
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area of lesser
solute concentration.
Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water
concentration to one of lower concentration.
Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against a cell membrane. Within the vascular system, this pressure is the
blood pressure.
In active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient. This process requires energy.
6. A nurse is teaching a patient about fluid and electrolytes. Which of the following indicates the teaching was
successful regarding electrolytes? Electrolytes are:
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Large protein molecules
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c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP
d. Electrically charged molecules
ANS: D
Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules.
Electrolytes are not lipid soluble.
Electrolytes are not made up of protein.
Electrolytes do not have a role in the production of ATP.
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
a. Concentration of sodium
b. Plasma proteins
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Availability of membrane transporter proteins
ANS: B
Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins.
The concentration of sodium plays a role in tonicity.
Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel.
Membrane transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
17. A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:
a. Osmolality
b. Osmolarity
c. Osmotic pressure
UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TEST BANK
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES Already Graded A+ 2024-2025 Ace
Your EXAM
Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank
Chapter 1
1. An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the
nurse why this happened. How should the nurse respond? A deficiency in
can cause impaired muscle contraction.
a. GTP
b. AMP
c. ATP
d. GMP
ANS: C
The cell uses ATP for muscle contraction. when it is deficient, impaired muscle contraction results.
GTP is involved in cell signaling, not muscle contraction. AMP is not
involved in muscle contraction.
GMP is not involved in muscle contraction.
2. Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citric acid cycle
ANS: D
,2|Page
Most of the ATP is generated during the citric acid cycle.
Larger molecules are broken down into smaller units during digestion; no ATP is produced during this cycle.
During glycolysis, two molecules of ATP are produced from each glucose molecule, but the most ATP is produced
during the citric acid cycle.
Oxidation is part of the glycolysis process and ATP is produced, but more ATP is produced during the citric acid
cycle.
3. A nurse is teaching the staff about the three phases of cellular catabolism. Which of the following should
the nurse include?
a. Digestion, glycolysis and oxidation, and the citric acid cycle
b. Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport
c. S phase, G phase, and M phase
d. Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
ANS: A
Digestion, glycolysis and oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are the three phases of cellular catabolism.
Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport are parts of the movement of fluids in and out of cells.
The S, G, and M phases are phases of cellular division, not catabolism. Metabolic
absorption, respiration, and excretion are functions of the cell.
4. A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his
continued muscle performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
e. ANS: C
,3|Page
When no oxygen is available, anaerobic glycolysis occurs. The
electron-transport chain is part of the citric acid cycle. Aerobic
glycolysis involves the presence of oxygen.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the mechanism by which the energy produced from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
is transferred to ATP. It is not part of muscle performance.
5. The faculty member asked the student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of small,
electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable barrier. Which answer indicates the nursing student
understood the teaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Active transport
ANS: B
Diffusion is the movement of a solute molecule from an area of greater solute concentration to an area of lesser
solute concentration.
Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water
concentration to one of lower concentration.
Hydrostatic pressure is the force of fluid against a cell membrane. Within the vascular system, this pressure is the
blood pressure.
In active transport, molecules move up a concentration gradient. This process requires energy.
6. A nurse is teaching a patient about fluid and electrolytes. Which of the following indicates the teaching was
successful regarding electrolytes? Electrolytes are:
a. Small lipid-soluble molecules
b. Large protein molecules
, 4|Page
c. Micronutrients used to produce ATP
d. Electrically charged molecules
ANS: D
Electrolytes are electrically charged molecules.
Electrolytes are not lipid soluble.
Electrolytes are not made up of protein.
Electrolytes do not have a role in the production of ATP.
16. A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
a. Concentration of sodium
b. Plasma proteins
c. Hydrostatic pressure
d. Availability of membrane transporter proteins
ANS: B
Oncotic pressure is determined by the effect of colloids or plasma proteins.
The concentration of sodium plays a role in tonicity.
Hydrostatic pressure is the force within a vessel.
Membrane transporter proteins are involved in active transport within a concentration gradient.
17. A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring:
a. Osmolality
b. Osmolarity
c. Osmotic pressure
