AP Psych Unit 3: Classical Conditioning

learning - ANS any relatively permanent change in behavior through experience or practice Why is learning "relatively permanent"? - ANS When people learn anything, some part of their brain is physically changed to record what they've learned reflex - ANS an unlearned, involuntary response not under personal control or choice classical conditioning - ANS learning to an involuntary, reflex-like response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces that response unconditioned stimulus - ANS original, natural stimulus leading to the involuntary response unconditioned response - ANS automatic and involuntary response to the unconditioned stimulus conditioned stimulus - ANS a previously neutral stimulus that becomes able to produce an unconditioned response after be paired often enough with an unconditioned stimulus neutral stimulus - ANS a stimulus that has no effect on the desired response prior to conditioning conditioned response - ANS a learned response to a conditioned stimulus acquisition - ANS the pairing of NS to UCS Principles of classical conditioning - ANS 1. the CS must come before the UCS 2. The CS and the UCS must happen closely together in order to form association 3. The NS must be paired with the UCS multiple times before conditioning can take place 4. The CS is a stimulus that is distinct stimulus generalization - ANS tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus stimulus dicrimination - ANS being able to tell the difference between fake and real CS extinction - ANS when a CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS, until the CR dies out How does the removal of a UCS lead to extinction of the CR? - ANS The CS-UCS association that was learned becomes weakened spontaneous recovery - ANS when the CR can briefly return when the original CS returns it will be weaker and short lived higher-order conditioning - ANS when a strong conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus Watson's Little Albert Experiment - ANS Watson conditioned a baby to fear a white rat by pairing its appearance with a loud noise until the baby cried only when seeing the white rat and other fuzzy things conditioned emotional response - ANS the learning of phobias vicarious conditioning - ANS becoming classically conditioned by watching someone else respond to a stimulus conditioned taste aversion - ANS development of nausea or aversive response to a particular taste because the taste was followed by a nausea reaction occurs after only 1 association