Nutrition 400 Exam 2-UNH Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Nutrition 400 Exam 2-UNH Questions and Answers 100% Pass Levels of organization in the body - chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism Free Radical - molecules containing unpaired electrons; they are highly reactive and are found everywhere Examples of free radicals - smoking, air pollution, UV light, lipids, protein, DNA Acids - there is more cations so there is more positive charges Bases - there is more anions so there is more negative charges pH Scale - most acidic to the most basic; - Neutral = 7 - Acidic = pH7 - Basic = pH7 Buffering systems - resist change is pH; found in the blood, kidneys, lungs; prevents acidosis/alkalosis 2Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 Acidosis - - high acid - symptoms: headache, loss of appetite - starvation - diabetes Alkalosis - - high base - excessive vomiting - overuse of diuretics/laxatives - hyperventilation Two types of transport methods - 1. passive transport mechanisms 2. active transport mechanisms Passive Transport Mechanism - - simple diffusion - facilitated diffusion - osmosis energy is not a requirement Simple diffusion - when a substance crosses the cell membrane by moving from a higher concentration to a lower concentration 3Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 Facilitated Diffusion - when a substance crosses a cell membrane with the assistance of a transport protein(energy is not required) Osmosis - when water crosses the cell membrane freely - from a low concentration to a high concentration - energy is not required Active Transport Mechanism - - carrier- mediated active transport -exocytosis & endocytosis Carrier Mediated Active Transport - - needs energy - when solute crosses a cell membrane with the assistance of a transport protein - moves against its concentration gradient - moves from a low concentration to a high concentration Exocytosis & Endocytosis - - part of a cell membrane surrounds solutes - when it closes the solutes are released outside of the