Pathophysiology and Pharmacology Exam 1
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of underlying changes in body
physiology that result from disease or injury.
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER - study of the cause of disease
Clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER - s/s, evidence of disease, local and
systemic
Risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER - predisposing) increase disease probability, but do
not cause.
Complications - CORRECT ANSWER - onset of disease while having an existing disease
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - increase in the size of cells which results in
enlargement of the organs, tissue or muscle (Mostly seen in cells that cannot divide)
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - transformation or replacement of one adult cell type
to another adult cell type (respiratory tract, distal esophagus) (usually results from chronic
irritation)
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - deranged cell growth that results in cells that vary in
size, shape and organization.
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - increased # of cells in an organ or tissue (may
sometimes co-exist with hypertrophy. Physiologic, hormonal, compensatory, pathologic)
, Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - shrinkage of cells (physiologic and pathologic)
Physiologic Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs with early development, thymus
gland undergoes during childhood
Pathologic Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - Result of decrease in workload, pressure,
use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation
Physiologic Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - Growth of uterus and mammary glands
in response to pregnancy
Pathologic Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - Growth of Heart secondary to
hypertension or diseased heart valves *Cells of the heart and kidney are particularly prone
physiologic Hyperplasia Compensatory - CORRECT ANSWER - Adaptive mechanism
that enables certain organs to regenerate: Removal of part of the liver
Hormonal Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase in cells in Estrogen dependent
organs of uterus and breast
Pathologic Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Pathologic endometrial hyperplasia-
excessive menstrual bleeding, cells undergo malignant transformation
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Epithelial tissues of the cervix and repiratory tract
where they are strongly associated with common neoplastic growths/Found adjacent to cancer
cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Replacement of normal columnar ciliated epithelial
cells in bronchial airway by stratified squamous
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Pathophysiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of underlying changes in body
physiology that result from disease or injury.
Etiology - CORRECT ANSWER - study of the cause of disease
Clinical manifestations - CORRECT ANSWER - s/s, evidence of disease, local and
systemic
Risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER - predisposing) increase disease probability, but do
not cause.
Complications - CORRECT ANSWER - onset of disease while having an existing disease
Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - increase in the size of cells which results in
enlargement of the organs, tissue or muscle (Mostly seen in cells that cannot divide)
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - transformation or replacement of one adult cell type
to another adult cell type (respiratory tract, distal esophagus) (usually results from chronic
irritation)
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - deranged cell growth that results in cells that vary in
size, shape and organization.
Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - increased # of cells in an organ or tissue (may
sometimes co-exist with hypertrophy. Physiologic, hormonal, compensatory, pathologic)
, Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - shrinkage of cells (physiologic and pathologic)
Physiologic Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - occurs with early development, thymus
gland undergoes during childhood
Pathologic Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - Result of decrease in workload, pressure,
use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation
Physiologic Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - Growth of uterus and mammary glands
in response to pregnancy
Pathologic Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWER - Growth of Heart secondary to
hypertension or diseased heart valves *Cells of the heart and kidney are particularly prone
physiologic Hyperplasia Compensatory - CORRECT ANSWER - Adaptive mechanism
that enables certain organs to regenerate: Removal of part of the liver
Hormonal Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase in cells in Estrogen dependent
organs of uterus and breast
Pathologic Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Pathologic endometrial hyperplasia-
excessive menstrual bleeding, cells undergo malignant transformation
Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Epithelial tissues of the cervix and repiratory tract
where they are strongly associated with common neoplastic growths/Found adjacent to cancer
cells
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Replacement of normal columnar ciliated epithelial
cells in bronchial airway by stratified squamous
