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Maryville Pharm 615 exam 2

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Maryville Pharm 615 exam 2 Who discovered the first antibiotic? Alexander Fleming in 1928 What is the leading cause of antibiotic resistance? Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotic agents. What are risk factors for having a drug-resistant pathogen? The leading risk factors include recent use of antibiotics, age younger than 2 or older than 65, day-care center attendance, exposure to young children, multiple medical comorbidities, recent hospitalization, and immunosuppression.

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Maryville Pharm 615 exam 2

WhoAdiscoveredAtheAfirstAantibiotic?A-AANSWERAAlexanderAFlemingAinA1928



WhatAisAtheAleadingAcauseAofAantibioticAresistance?A-
AANSWERAExcessiveAandAinappropriateAuseAofAantibioticAagents.




WhatAareAriskAfactorsAforAhavingAaAdrug-resistantApathogen?A-
AANSWERATheAleadingAriskAfactorsAincludeArecentAuseAofAantibiotics,AageAyoungerAthanA2AorAolderAt
hanA65,Aday-
careAcenterAattendance,AexposureAtoAyoungAchildren,AmultipleAmedicalAcomorbidities,ArecentAhospita
lization,AandAimmunosuppression.



HowAmanyAantibioticAclassesAareAaffectedAbyAbacterialAresistance?A-AANSWERAEveryAantibioticAclass.



PenicillinsA-AANSWERAareAcharacterizedAchemicallyAbyAtheA6-
aminopenicillanicAacidAjoinedAtoAtheAbeta-lactamAring.



WhatAareAtheAfourApenicillinAsubclasses?A-AANSWERA(1)Apenicillinase-
sensitiveAorAnaturalApenicillins,A(2)Aaminopenicillins,A(3)Apenicillinase-resistantAorAanti-
staphylococcalApenicillins,AandA(4)Aanti-pseudomonalAorAextended-spectrumApenicillins.



HowAdoApenicillinsAhinderAbacterialAgrowth?A-
AANSWERAbyAinhibitingAtheAbiosynthesisAofAbacterialAcellAwallAmucopeptideA(alsoAcalledAmureinAorA
peptidoglycan).



WhatAdoApenicillinsAbindAto?A-
AANSWERAtheAcellAwallAduringAtheAterminalAstagesAofAcellAwallAformation.

,DuringAwhatApointAareApenicillinsAmostAeffective?A-
AANSWERAduringAactiveAcellularAmultiplication.ALowerAdrugAconcentrationsAmayAresultAinAbacteriosta
ticAeffectsAonly.



WhatAhasAreducedAtheAbreadthAofAorgansimsAthatApenicillinAcanAtreat?A-AANSWERApenicillinase-
producingAorganisms.



WhatAisAtheAonlyAnaturalApenicillinAcommerciallyAavailable?A-AANSWERApenicillin.



WhatAisApenicillinA(naturallyAoccurringAtype)AactiveAagainst?A-AANSWERAaerobic,Agram-
positiveAorganisms.



NameAaminopenicillins.A-AANSWERAampicillinAandAamoxicillan.



WhatAareAaminopenicillinsAactiveAagainst?A-AANSWERAgram-
positiveAorganism,AandAgreaterAactivityAagainstAgram-
negativeAbacteriaAbecauseAofAtheirAenhancedAabilityAtoApenetrateAtheAouterAmembraneAofAtheseAor
ganisms.



WhatAcausesAclostridiumAdifficileAinfection?A-AANSWERAuseAofAbroad-
spectrumApenicillins,AorAprolongedAorArepeatAtherapyAwithAanyAbroad-
spectrumAantibacterial,AmayAresultAinAbacterialAorAfungalAovergrowthA(i.e.,Asuperinfection)AofAnon-
susceptibleAorganisms.



HowAdoesAc-diffAmanifest?A-
AANSWERAitAisAaAsuperinfectionAthatAmanifestsAasAdiarrheaAthatAmayAoccurAduringAtherapyAorAupAto
AseveralAweeksAafterAdisontinuationAofAtheAantibiotic.AItAmayApresentAwithAwateryAorAbloodyAdiarrh
ea,AaccompaniedAbyAsevereAabdominalAcrampsAandApain,Afever,AandApseudomembranousAcolitis.

, WhatAisAtheAtreatmentAforAc-diff?A-
AANSWERAdiscontinuanceAofAtheAantibiotic,AbutAifAdefinitiveAdiagnosisAisAmade,AtreatmentAwithAoral
Ametronidazole,AoralAvancomycin,AorAfidaxomicinAisArequired.




WhatAisAtheAtopAantibioticAprescribedAtoAchildren?A-AANSWERAamoxicillin.



WhatAisAtheAcriteriaAforAacuteAsinusitis?A-
AANSWERApersistentAthick,Aopaque,AorAdiscoloredAnasalAdischargeAwithoutAimprovementAforAmoreAt
hanA10Adays.



WhichAantibioticsAmayAinduceAhemorrhagicAmanifestationsAinApatientsAwhoAhaveAanemia,Athromboc
ytopenia,Agranulocytopenia,AorAboneAmarrowAdepression,AorAareAtakingAanticoagulants?A-
AANSWERAmexlocillin,AcarbenicillinA(parenteral),AandApiperacillin.




WhatAbacteriaAisAresponsibleAforA85%AofAcommunity-
acquiredAUTIsAandA50%AofAhospitalAacquiredAUTIs?A-AANSWERAe.-coli.



WhatAisAtheAfirstAlineAtherapyAforAprophylaxisAofAinfectionAfollowingAanimalAbites,AincludingAcats,Ado
gs,AandAhumans?A-AANSWERAamoxiciilin/clavulanate.



WhatAisAleadingAcauseAofAneonatalAmorbidityAandAmortalityAwithinAtheAU.S.?A-
AANSWERAsepsisAcausedAbyAgroupABAstreptococciA(GBS).




HowAmanyAgenerationsAofAcephalosporinsAareAthere?A-AANSWERAthereAareAfive.



WhatAwarrantsAaAstoolAtestAforAC.AdifficileAtoxinAinAaApatientAreceivingAorAhavingAcompletedAbroad-
spectrumAantibioticAtreatment.A-
AANSWERAmoreAthanAthreeAwatery,AunformedAstoolsAperAdayAorAbloodAinAtheAstool.

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