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Maryville 615 Adv. Pharm Exam 2

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Maryville 615 Adv. Pharm Exam 2 What is a seizure and what can precipitate it? A seizure is the result of the abnormal discharge of neurons. Anything that disrupts the neuron can trigger abnormal activity and seizures. Hyperventilation, sleep deprivation, sensory and emotional stress, and hormones are all risk factors. What education should families receive regarding seizure monitoring? --Seizure prevention: sleep, exercise and avoidance of stressful situations. Administer meds such as anticonvulsants --Patient safety: Monitor sz frequency, duration and severity in addition to changes in mood, signs of depression, anxiety and Suicidal thoughts --Ensure pt carries medical ID band for disorder What education is important regarding anticonvulsants/antiepileptics? -Do not miss a dose or abruptly stop. This may cause an increase in sz activity or withdrawal szs

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Maryville 615 Adv. Pharm Exam 2

WhatSisSaSseizureSandSwhatScanSprecipitateSit?S-
SANSWERSASseizureSisStheSresultSofStheSabnormalSdischargeSofSneurons.SAnythingSthatSdisruptsStheSne
uronScanStriggerSabnormalSactivitySandSseizures.SHyperventilation,SsleepSdeprivation,SsensorySandSem
otionalSstress,SandShormonesSareSallSriskSfactors.



WhatSeducationSshouldSfamiliesSreceiveSregardingSseizureSmonitoring?S-SANSWERS--
SeizureSprevention:Ssleep,SexerciseSandSavoidanceSofSstressfulSsituations.SAdministerSmedsSsuchSasSan
ticonvulsants

--
PatientSsafety:SMonitorSszSfrequency,SdurationSandSseveritySinSadditionStoSchangesSinSmood,SsignsSofS
depression,SanxietySandSSuicidalSthoughts

--EnsureSptScarriesSmedicalSIDSbandSforSdisorder



WhatSeducationSisSimportantSregardingSanticonvulsants/antiepileptics?S-SANSWERS-
DoSnotSmissSaSdoseSorSabruptlySstop.SThisSmayScauseSanSincreaseSinSszSactivitySorSwithdrawalSszs



TellSmeSaboutSCarbamazepineS(Tegretol)?

-Class,Sindications,SMOA,ShalfSlifeSandScontraindications?S-SANSWERS--Class:SAnticonvulsants

--Indications:STxSepilepsy,SbipolarSaffectiveSdisorder,SaggressiveSbehaviorSandSneuralgias

--MOA:SSlowsSinfluxSofSNaSinSchannelsStoSdepressStransmissionSonStheSnucleusSventralis

--Absorbed:SOralSisSslowSbutSwellSabsorbed

--Half-Life:SaboutS30ShoursSinSaSsingleSdoseSandS15ShoursSifSgivenSrepeatedly

--Contraindications:ShxSofSbmSsuppression,SconcurrentSadminSw/SMAOIs



WhatSbloodSvaluesSshouldSbeSmonitoredSwithSCarbamazepine?S-SANSWERS-
RBC,SWBC,SandSpltsS(CBCSeveryS3-4Smonths)

,-HasSblackSboxSwarningStoScauseSbloodSdyscrasiasSwhichScausesSleukopeniaSandSthrombocytopenia

-Chem,SliverSfunctionSandSTSH



WhatSelseSdoesScarbamazepineShaveSaSblackSboxSwarningSfor?S-
SANSWERSDermatologicSreactionsSincludingSsteven'sSjohnsonSandStoxicSepidermalSnecrolysis




TellSmeSaboutSValproateS(ValproicSacid/depakote)?

-Class,Sindications,SMOASandScontraindications?S-SANSWERS--Class:Santiconvulsant

-Indications:STxSepilepsy,SbipolarSdisorder,Saggression,Sneuralgias

-MOA:SblocksSNaSchannels,SenhancesSGABAStoStheSbrainsSneurons

Contraindications:SdoSnotSuseSinSpregnancy,SitSisSaSteratogenSasSitScausesScongenitalSmalformations-
SneuralStubeSdefects


Education:SWomenSshouldSbeSusingSeffectiveScontraceptionSwhileStakingSvalproate



WhoSshouldSnotStakeSValproate?S-SANSWERSPregnantSWomen



TellSmeSaboutStopiramateS(Topamax)?

-Indications,SADRs,SwhatSshouldSbeSmonitored?S-SANSWERS-indications:SMonotherapySforSepilepsy

ADRs:Sataxia,Sdizziness,Ssomnolence,Sconfusion,Sdepression,SmoodSproblems

-
SMonitorSforSelectrolyteSimbalancesSasSmedScanScauseSdecreasedSserumSbicarbonateS(fromSincreasedS
renalSbicarbonate)SleadingStoSmetabolicSacidosis

-MonitorSserumSbicarbonate



WhatSisStheSmainSneurotransmitterSinvolvedSinSdepression?S-
SANSWERSSerotonin:SchemicalSinSbodySneededSforSnerveScellsSandSbrainStoSfunction.SAssociatedSwithS
angerSregulation,SbodyStemp.,Smood,Ssleep,SpainSmodulationSandSappetite.S

-providesShealing,Snourishing,SsatisfiedSfeelingSinStheSbody

, WhatScanSanSimbalanceSofSserotoninScause?S-SANSWERS-anxiety,SaggressionSandSappetite

-migraine,Spain,Spsychosis,Sobsessions,Semesis,SsexualSbehaviors,Ssleep,SsuicidalSthoughts



WhatSdoesSnorepinephrineSaffect?S-SANSWERSactivity,Salertness,SappetiteSandSsleepSpatterns



WhatSdoesSdopamineSaffect?S-
SANSWERSsleep,SsexualSbehavior,Saddictions,SanxietySlevel,SandSfeelingsSofSeuphoria




WhatSblackSboxSwarningsSdoSallSantidepressentSmedsShave?S-SANSWERS-
itSmaySgetSworseSbeforeSitSgetsSbetter.SIncreasedSriskSofSsuicideSinStheSfirstSfewSweeksSofStakingStheS
med



WhatSisSserotoninSsyndrome?SSymptoms?S-SANSWERSAnSaccumulationSofSserotoninSinStheSbody.S

-increasedSHR,SRunnySstomachSandSlossSofScontrolSofSbodySmovements.S

otherSS/
S:Snausea,Sshivering,Ssweating,Svasoconstriction,Shyperthermia,Shyperreflexia,Smycoclonus,Stremor,SHT
NSandSdeath.



WhatSisSaShypertensiveScrisis?S-
SANSWERSSevereSincreaseSinSbloodSpressureS(systolicSgreaterSthanS180,SdiastolicSgreaterSthanS120)Sth
atScanSdamageSbloodSvessels.



WhatSisSCHIPPSSSandSwhatSisSitScausesSby?S-SANSWERSSymptomsSofSHTNScrisis.S

-ChestStightness,Sheadache,SincreasedSHR,Spalpitations,SdilatedSpupils,SsweatingSandSstiffSneckS

-RequiresSimmediateSmanagementSandStheSpatientSshouldSremainSstandingSuntilScrisisSisSsolved

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