Oncology NCLEX
1.A male client has an abnormal result on a Papanicolaou test. After
admitting, he read his chart while the nurse was out of the room, the client
asks what dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse provide?
a.Presence of completely undifferentiated tumor cells that don't
resemble cells of the tissues of their origin
b.Increase in the number of normal cells in a normal arrangement in a
tissue or an organ
c.Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in
tissues where the second type normally isn't found
d.Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells
correct answers1.Answer D. Dysplasia refers to an alteration in the size,
shape, and organization of differentiated cells. The presence of completely
undifferentiated tumor cells that don't resemble cells of the tissues of their
origin is called anaplasia. An increase in the number of normal cells in a
normal arrangement in a tissue or an organ is called hyperplasia.
Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissues
where the second type normally isn't found is called metaplasia.
2.For a female client with newly diagnosed cancer, the nurse formulates a
nursing diagnosis of Anxiety related to the threat of death secondary to
cancer diagnosis. Which expected outcome would be appropriate for this
client?
a. "Client verbalizes feelings of anxiety."
b. "Client doesn't guess at prognosis."
c. "Client uses any effective method to reduce tension."
d."Client stops seeking information." correct answers2.Answer A.
Verbalizing feelings is the client's first step in coping with the situational
crisis. It also helps the health care team gain insight into the client's
feelings, helping guide psychosocial care. Option B is inappropriate because
suppressing speculation may prevent the client from coming to terms with
the crisis and planning accordingly. Option C is undesirable because some
methods of reducing tension, such as illicit drug or alcohol use, may prevent
the client from coming to terms with the threat of death as well as cause
physiologic harm. Option D isn't appropriate because seeking information can
help a client with cancer gain a sense of control over the crisis.
3.A male client with a cerebellar brain tumor is admitted to an acute care
facility. The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. Which
"related-to" phrase should the nurse add to complete the nursing diagnosis
statement?
a. Related to visual field deficits
b. Related to difficulty swallowing
, c. Related to impaired balance
d. Related to psychomotor seizures correct answers3.Answer C. A client with
a cerebellar brain tumor may suffer injury from impaired balance as well as
disturbed gait and incoordination. Visual field deficits, difficulty swallowing,
and psychomotor seizures may result from dysfunction of the pituitary
gland, pons, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, or temporal lobe — not from a
cerebellar brain tumor. Difficulty swallowing suggests medullary dysfunction.
Psychomotor seizures suggest temporal lobe dysfunction.
4.A female client with cancer is scheduled for radiation therapy. The nurse
knows that radiation at any treatment site may cause a certain adverse
effect. Therefore, the nurse should prepare the client to expect:
a. hair loss.
b. stomatitis.
c. fatigue.
d.vomiting. correct answers4.Answer C. Radiation therapy may cause
fatigue, skin toxicities, and anorexia regardless of the treatment site.
Hair loss, stomatitis, and vomiting are site-specific, not generalized,
adverse effects of radiation therapy.
5.Nurse April is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her
breast. The nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is
confirmed by:
a. breast self-examination.
b. mammography.
c. fine needle aspiration.
d.chest X-ray. correct answers5.Answer C. Fine needle aspiration and
biopsy provide cells for histologic examination to confirm a diagnosis of
cancer. A breast self- examination, if done regularly, is the most reliable
method for detecting breast lumps early. Mammography is used to detect
tumors that are too small to palpate. Chest X- rays can be used to pinpoint
rib metastasis.
6.A male client undergoes a laryngectomy to treat laryngeal cancer. When
teaching the client how to care for the neck stoma, the nurse should include
which instruction?
a. "Keep the stoma uncovered."
b. "Keep the stoma dry."
c."Have a family member perform stoma care initially until you
get used to the procedure."
d."Keep the stoma moist." correct answers6.Answer D. The nurse should
instruct the client to keep the stoma moist, such as by applying a thin layer
of petroleum jelly around the edges, because a dry stoma may become
irritated. The nurse should recommend placing a stoma bib over the stoma to
filter and warm air before it enters the stoma. The client should begin
performing stoma care without assistance as soon as possible to gain
independence in self-care activities.
1.A male client has an abnormal result on a Papanicolaou test. After
admitting, he read his chart while the nurse was out of the room, the client
asks what dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse provide?
a.Presence of completely undifferentiated tumor cells that don't
resemble cells of the tissues of their origin
b.Increase in the number of normal cells in a normal arrangement in a
tissue or an organ
c.Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in
tissues where the second type normally isn't found
d.Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells
correct answers1.Answer D. Dysplasia refers to an alteration in the size,
shape, and organization of differentiated cells. The presence of completely
undifferentiated tumor cells that don't resemble cells of the tissues of their
origin is called anaplasia. An increase in the number of normal cells in a
normal arrangement in a tissue or an organ is called hyperplasia.
Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissues
where the second type normally isn't found is called metaplasia.
2.For a female client with newly diagnosed cancer, the nurse formulates a
nursing diagnosis of Anxiety related to the threat of death secondary to
cancer diagnosis. Which expected outcome would be appropriate for this
client?
a. "Client verbalizes feelings of anxiety."
b. "Client doesn't guess at prognosis."
c. "Client uses any effective method to reduce tension."
d."Client stops seeking information." correct answers2.Answer A.
Verbalizing feelings is the client's first step in coping with the situational
crisis. It also helps the health care team gain insight into the client's
feelings, helping guide psychosocial care. Option B is inappropriate because
suppressing speculation may prevent the client from coming to terms with
the crisis and planning accordingly. Option C is undesirable because some
methods of reducing tension, such as illicit drug or alcohol use, may prevent
the client from coming to terms with the threat of death as well as cause
physiologic harm. Option D isn't appropriate because seeking information can
help a client with cancer gain a sense of control over the crisis.
3.A male client with a cerebellar brain tumor is admitted to an acute care
facility. The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis of Risk for injury. Which
"related-to" phrase should the nurse add to complete the nursing diagnosis
statement?
a. Related to visual field deficits
b. Related to difficulty swallowing
, c. Related to impaired balance
d. Related to psychomotor seizures correct answers3.Answer C. A client with
a cerebellar brain tumor may suffer injury from impaired balance as well as
disturbed gait and incoordination. Visual field deficits, difficulty swallowing,
and psychomotor seizures may result from dysfunction of the pituitary
gland, pons, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, or temporal lobe — not from a
cerebellar brain tumor. Difficulty swallowing suggests medullary dysfunction.
Psychomotor seizures suggest temporal lobe dysfunction.
4.A female client with cancer is scheduled for radiation therapy. The nurse
knows that radiation at any treatment site may cause a certain adverse
effect. Therefore, the nurse should prepare the client to expect:
a. hair loss.
b. stomatitis.
c. fatigue.
d.vomiting. correct answers4.Answer C. Radiation therapy may cause
fatigue, skin toxicities, and anorexia regardless of the treatment site.
Hair loss, stomatitis, and vomiting are site-specific, not generalized,
adverse effects of radiation therapy.
5.Nurse April is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her
breast. The nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is
confirmed by:
a. breast self-examination.
b. mammography.
c. fine needle aspiration.
d.chest X-ray. correct answers5.Answer C. Fine needle aspiration and
biopsy provide cells for histologic examination to confirm a diagnosis of
cancer. A breast self- examination, if done regularly, is the most reliable
method for detecting breast lumps early. Mammography is used to detect
tumors that are too small to palpate. Chest X- rays can be used to pinpoint
rib metastasis.
6.A male client undergoes a laryngectomy to treat laryngeal cancer. When
teaching the client how to care for the neck stoma, the nurse should include
which instruction?
a. "Keep the stoma uncovered."
b. "Keep the stoma dry."
c."Have a family member perform stoma care initially until you
get used to the procedure."
d."Keep the stoma moist." correct answers6.Answer D. The nurse should
instruct the client to keep the stoma moist, such as by applying a thin layer
of petroleum jelly around the edges, because a dry stoma may become
irritated. The nurse should recommend placing a stoma bib over the stoma to
filter and warm air before it enters the stoma. The client should begin
performing stoma care without assistance as soon as possible to gain
independence in self-care activities.
