NUR 210 exam 1 material
Pharmacology Principles Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
drug response - ✔✔the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the
concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - ✔✔1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - ✔✔the drug goes into solution
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,- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for
absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - ✔✔"what the BODY does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ✔✔(small intestine) the movement of a drug from
its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - ✔✔drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - ✔✔lipid soluble metabolite
(liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - ✔✔water soluble metabolite (kidneys)
liver - ✔✔breaks down the drug
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, kidneys - ✔✔excretes the drug
Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - ✔✔orally --> stomach --> SI -->
bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - ✔✔-drugs must be LIPID
SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - ✔✔the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the
blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
Pharmacology Principles Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
drug response - ✔✔the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the
concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
Three phases of drug action - ✔✔1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
1. pharmaceutic phase - ✔✔the drug goes into solution
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for
absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes - ✔✔"what the BODY does to the drug"
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption - ✔✔(small intestine) the movement of a drug from
its site of administration into the blood
pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution - ✔✔drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation - ✔✔lipid soluble metabolite
(liver) --> a water soluble metabolite
pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion - ✔✔water soluble metabolite (kidneys)
liver - ✔✔breaks down the drug
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, kidneys - ✔✔excretes the drug
Pharmacokinetic phase movement process - ✔✔orally --> stomach --> SI -->
bloodstream --> site of action --> liver (broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer - ✔✔-drugs must be LIPID
SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores
Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems - ✔✔the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the
blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
