MNT II Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

MNT II Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Pass formula for calculating enteral formula needs - calories of formula/calories per ml = ml of formula ml of formula/24 hrs a day = ml per hour Oral, enteral, & parenteral methods of nutrition support are not... - mutually exclusive often they are used in combination especially when trying to transition back to a normal diet ex. oral supplements w/ meals + tube feeding at night + meal trays during all mealtimes 2Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 when is nutrition support needed? - When p.o intake & oral supplements cannot meet patient's needs enteral nutrition - getting nutrients through a tube or catheter through the gastrointestinal tract preferred over parenteral bec. it preserves gut structure & function prevents microvilli atrophy and gut permeability which increases when atrophy occurs once decided, site of tube placement is determined first parenteral nutrition - getting nutrients through the blood vessels used when enteral does not work what types of modified foods or oral supplements can we try before Nutrition support is decided? - high cal/high protein drinks fortified puddings benefits of enteral nutrition compared to PN - better GI barrier function preserves GI immunity 3Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 dec. rate of infection reduces catabolic response less septic morbidity, infections, healthcare cost importance of GI system in immunity - big part of immunity bec. it has a lot of immune cells in it 70% of our immune system is in the GI tract has 80% of plasma cells needed for IgA antibody production (big role in immune fxn of mucous membranes) conditions requiring enteral nutrition - 1. cannot consume adequate nutrition orally (trauma, cancer, COPD, HF, surgery, intubation, stroke) 2. impaired digestion, absorption, metabolism (gastroparesis, crohn's, ulcerative colitis) 3. PEM, severe wasting, or depressed growth (fail to thrive, anorexia, cachexia) 4Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 how to assess P.O. intake - record amount of meals from nurses observe meal trays enteral nutrition tube placement depends on: - 1. anticipated length of time for feeding 2. risk for aspiration/tube displacement 3. planned surgical intervention 4. presence of normal digestion and absorption nasoenteric route for enteral nutrition access - short term (up to 3-4 weeks); if longer needed, can cause complications & should be changed to PEG/gastrostomy/jejunotomy tube nasogastric: used when pt has normal GI fxn & gag reflex; bolus, intermittent, or continuous infusions 5Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 nasoduodenal/nasojejunal route: used for gastric motility disorders, esophageal reflux, persistent N&V potential complications of nasal tubes - - Nasal irritation and erosion - Rhinorrhea, sinusitis - Pharyngeal or vocal cord paralysis - Esophageal strictures - Gastroesophageal reflux resulting in aspiration pneumonia - Incorrect position of the tube leading to pulmonary injury - Mucosal damage at the insertion site - Ulcerations or perforations of the upper GI tract and airway gastric/jejunostomy route for enteral nutrition - 1. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or jejunostomy: longer than 3-4 weeks, laparoscopic or fluoroscopic techniques used to aid placement 2. surgically placed - gastrostomies and jejunostomi