OCCTH 585 Midterm Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
What does pain indicate? - ✔✔Tissue damage, and it is a protective mechanism
What are the three types of pain? - ✔✔acute, chronic, persistent
What is acute pain? - ✔✔- sharp and immediate
- at the onset of tissue damage
What is persistent pain? - ✔✔- *sore achy pain*
- telling us we still have tissue damage and that we are still trying to repair and protect
the tissue
What is chronic pain? - ✔✔- Continued expression of pain in the absence of damaged
tissue
- creates dysfunction and disability
- maladaptive (serves no purpose)
What is a nocioceptor? - ✔✔Pain Receptor / Pain Sensor`
What are the types of nocioceptors? - ✔✔- A delta
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,- C-fibre
What is an A-delta fiber? - ✔✔- Myelinated
- Conducts at a fast rate
- detects acute onset of tissue
What type of pain does an A-delta fibre detect? - ✔✔ACUTE
- *"A"* Delta for *A*cute
What is a c-fibre? - ✔✔- unmyelinated
- conducts at a slower rate
- detects more persistent pain
What type of pain does a c-fibre predict? - ✔✔Persistent pain
What type of fibre predicts the sore achy pain? - ✔✔C-Fibre
What type of fibre predicts the pain at the onset of tissue damage? - ✔✔A-delta
What is the type of tactile nocioceptor? - ✔✔A-beta fibre
What is an a-beta fibre? - ✔✔- localizes the tissue damage and maps where the painful
stimuli is coming from
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,In the absence of what fibre are we now not able to localize the area of an injury? - ✔✔-
The absence of an a-beta fibre
What do a-beta fibres contribute to? - ✔✔-hyperalgesia
-allodynia
What type of neurotransmitter does the a-beta fibre release? - ✔✔Glutamate
A-delta fibres and C-fibres work together to produce what? - ✔✔First and second pain
What is first and second pain? - ✔✔- First pain occurs at the time of an injury (ex: you
stub your toe against a table and scream in pain)
- Second pain occurs for the rest of the day (ex: sore achy pain that reminds you that
you stubbed your toe)
What conducts at a faster rate? A-delta fibres or C-fibres? - ✔✔A-delta because they are
myelinated
What is hyperalgesia? - ✔✔- increased sensitivity to painful stimuli
What is allodynia? - ✔✔- Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain
- Increase pain perception usually at undamaged tissue surrounding the tissue injury
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, - ex: when you break your ankle, tissue damage is in the bones/ligaments, but if you
touch the skin surrounding it you will receive a painful sensation even though the skin
is not the source of the injury
What type of neurotransmitter is released by free nerve endings? - ✔✔Substance P
In hyperalgesia and allodynia, substance P activates, which causes? - ✔✔- Substance P
activates masked cells which causes vasodilation of the capillary = increased blood flow
to damaged tissue, and swelling to injury site
In hyperalgesia and allodynia in the periphery, masked cells release what? - ✔✔-
Histamine
What does histamine do? - ✔✔- indicates swelling
- increases sensitivity to free nerve endings (causes itchiness to damages tissue area)
In hyperalgesia and allodynia of the central system, substance P is only released if? -
✔✔Substance P is only released with a high frequency of activation
What NT binds to NMDA receptors? - ✔✔Glutamate
What NT binds to AMPA receptors? - ✔✔Glutamate
What is Wallerian degeneration? - ✔✔Proximal Segment Change + Distal Segment
Change after a nerve injury = wallerian degeneration
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and Answers 100% Pass
What does pain indicate? - ✔✔Tissue damage, and it is a protective mechanism
What are the three types of pain? - ✔✔acute, chronic, persistent
What is acute pain? - ✔✔- sharp and immediate
- at the onset of tissue damage
What is persistent pain? - ✔✔- *sore achy pain*
- telling us we still have tissue damage and that we are still trying to repair and protect
the tissue
What is chronic pain? - ✔✔- Continued expression of pain in the absence of damaged
tissue
- creates dysfunction and disability
- maladaptive (serves no purpose)
What is a nocioceptor? - ✔✔Pain Receptor / Pain Sensor`
What are the types of nocioceptors? - ✔✔- A delta
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,- C-fibre
What is an A-delta fiber? - ✔✔- Myelinated
- Conducts at a fast rate
- detects acute onset of tissue
What type of pain does an A-delta fibre detect? - ✔✔ACUTE
- *"A"* Delta for *A*cute
What is a c-fibre? - ✔✔- unmyelinated
- conducts at a slower rate
- detects more persistent pain
What type of pain does a c-fibre predict? - ✔✔Persistent pain
What type of fibre predicts the sore achy pain? - ✔✔C-Fibre
What type of fibre predicts the pain at the onset of tissue damage? - ✔✔A-delta
What is the type of tactile nocioceptor? - ✔✔A-beta fibre
What is an a-beta fibre? - ✔✔- localizes the tissue damage and maps where the painful
stimuli is coming from
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,In the absence of what fibre are we now not able to localize the area of an injury? - ✔✔-
The absence of an a-beta fibre
What do a-beta fibres contribute to? - ✔✔-hyperalgesia
-allodynia
What type of neurotransmitter does the a-beta fibre release? - ✔✔Glutamate
A-delta fibres and C-fibres work together to produce what? - ✔✔First and second pain
What is first and second pain? - ✔✔- First pain occurs at the time of an injury (ex: you
stub your toe against a table and scream in pain)
- Second pain occurs for the rest of the day (ex: sore achy pain that reminds you that
you stubbed your toe)
What conducts at a faster rate? A-delta fibres or C-fibres? - ✔✔A-delta because they are
myelinated
What is hyperalgesia? - ✔✔- increased sensitivity to painful stimuli
What is allodynia? - ✔✔- Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain
- Increase pain perception usually at undamaged tissue surrounding the tissue injury
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, - ex: when you break your ankle, tissue damage is in the bones/ligaments, but if you
touch the skin surrounding it you will receive a painful sensation even though the skin
is not the source of the injury
What type of neurotransmitter is released by free nerve endings? - ✔✔Substance P
In hyperalgesia and allodynia, substance P activates, which causes? - ✔✔- Substance P
activates masked cells which causes vasodilation of the capillary = increased blood flow
to damaged tissue, and swelling to injury site
In hyperalgesia and allodynia in the periphery, masked cells release what? - ✔✔-
Histamine
What does histamine do? - ✔✔- indicates swelling
- increases sensitivity to free nerve endings (causes itchiness to damages tissue area)
In hyperalgesia and allodynia of the central system, substance P is only released if? -
✔✔Substance P is only released with a high frequency of activation
What NT binds to NMDA receptors? - ✔✔Glutamate
What NT binds to AMPA receptors? - ✔✔Glutamate
What is Wallerian degeneration? - ✔✔Proximal Segment Change + Distal Segment
Change after a nerve injury = wallerian degeneration
Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
