BTEC Level 3 Applied Science Unit 14 Assignment B
updated for 2025
plasma membrane - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins
(Phospholipid bilayer) that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or
encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the
cytoplasm.
Mitochondrion - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy (ATP)
during the process of respiration , to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA.
Centrioles - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells
only
Nucleus - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>the central and most important part of an object,
movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. Contains DNA
Nucleolus - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Makes ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>An endomembrane system where
lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken
down.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>System of internal membranes
within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes.
functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm
Lysosomes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>An organelle containing digestive enzymes
(lysozymes)
cell wall - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells
of plants and some other organisms.
Chloroplasts - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Site of photosynthesis
Vacuole - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates
Amyloplast - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>starch storage
, Plasmodesmata - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>An open channel in the cell wall of plants through
which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells
pits - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>openings in the lateral walls of xylem cells allowing water and
nutrients to leak into surrounding tissues.
resting potential - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>electrical charge across the cell membrane of a
resting neuron (-70mV)
action potential - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>the change in electrical potential (due to changes
in membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions) associated with the passage
of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
Magnification equation - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Image size/actual size
light microscope (LM) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>An optical instrument with lenses that refract
(bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens. Resolution restricted by the
wavelength of light
electron microscope (EM) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>A microscope that uses magnets to
focus an electron beam on or through a specimen, resulting in resolving power a
thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron
microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of cells. A
scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the fine details of cell surfaces.
Robert Hooke (1665) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Studied cork and and named the structures
he saw "cells".
Universal cell theory (1839) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>In biology, cell theory is the historic
scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells,
that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells
come from pre-existing cells.
Neurotransmitters - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>chemical messengers that cross the synaptic
gaps between neurons
Golgi apparatus - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>A system of membranes that modifies and
packages proteins for export by the cell
Vesicle - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving
products into, out of, and within a cell.
Ribosomes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>site of protein synthesis
updated for 2025
plasma membrane - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins
(Phospholipid bilayer) that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or
encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the
cytoplasm.
Mitochondrion - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy (ATP)
during the process of respiration , to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA.
Centrioles - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells
only
Nucleus - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>the central and most important part of an object,
movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and growth. Contains DNA
Nucleolus - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Makes ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>An endomembrane system where
lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken
down.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>System of internal membranes
within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes.
functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm
Lysosomes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>An organelle containing digestive enzymes
(lysozymes)
cell wall - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells
of plants and some other organisms.
Chloroplasts - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Site of photosynthesis
Vacuole - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts,
proteins, and carbohydrates
Amyloplast - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>starch storage
, Plasmodesmata - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>An open channel in the cell wall of plants through
which strands of cytosol connect from adjacent cells
pits - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>openings in the lateral walls of xylem cells allowing water and
nutrients to leak into surrounding tissues.
resting potential - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>electrical charge across the cell membrane of a
resting neuron (-70mV)
action potential - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>the change in electrical potential (due to changes
in membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions) associated with the passage
of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.
Magnification equation - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Image size/actual size
light microscope (LM) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>An optical instrument with lenses that refract
(bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens. Resolution restricted by the
wavelength of light
electron microscope (EM) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>A microscope that uses magnets to
focus an electron beam on or through a specimen, resulting in resolving power a
thousandfold greater than that of a light microscope. A transmission electron
microscope (TEM) is used to study the internal structure of thin sections of cells. A
scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the fine details of cell surfaces.
Robert Hooke (1665) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Studied cork and and named the structures
he saw "cells".
Universal cell theory (1839) - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>In biology, cell theory is the historic
scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells,
that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells
come from pre-existing cells.
Neurotransmitters - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>chemical messengers that cross the synaptic
gaps between neurons
Golgi apparatus - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>A system of membranes that modifies and
packages proteins for export by the cell
Vesicle - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving
products into, out of, and within a cell.
Ribosomes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔>>site of protein synthesis
