emphysema - ANSWER A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the
alveoli; common of COPD
appears as - tripodding, barrel chest, pursed lips, increased residual volume
acute coronary syndrome - ANSWER sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply
to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
pneumothorax - ANSWER air or gas in the pleural cavity
atelectasis - ANSWER collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
COPD - ANSWER a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung
airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
hypoxic drive - ANSWER a "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in
the oxygen level in the blood.
diphtheria - ANSWER An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the
pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.
S/S: difficulty breathing/ swallowing, sore throat, thick, gray buildup in throat or nose,
fever
croup - ANSWER caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and
trachea; often secondary to an acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract and
is typically seen in children between the ages of 6 mnths and 3 yrs
S/S: seal-bark cough
Treatment: humidified oxygen
epiglottitis - ANSWER inflammation of the epiglottis; bacterial infection is the most
common cause
S/S: drooling, sore throat, high fever, tripod position
pulmonary edema - ANSWER A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of
congestive heart failure.
high BP and low cardiac output often trigger it
S/S: dyspnea, rapid/ shallow respirations, frothy pink sputum (severe)
pleural effusion (PE) - ANSWER fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the
chest; compressing the lung(s)
S/S: dyspnea, decreased breath sounds
pulmonary embolism - ANSWER a blood clot formed in the vein
S/S: dyspnea, cyanosis (severe), tachycardia, acute chest pain, hemoptysis,
tachypnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - ANSWER severe shortness of breath, especially at
night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe
atrium - ANSWER upper chamber; receives incoming blood
, ventricle - ANSWER lower chamber, pumps blood out of the heart
how blood moves through the heart - ANSWER blood from the vena cava enters the
right atrium (deoxygenated)
fills the right ventricle
blood flows into the pulmonary artery
into the lungs to become oxygenated
blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein
blood enters the left atrium
passes into the left ventricle
left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER part of the brain that controls the functions of
the body that do not require conscious thought
consists of: sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system
I.E. heartbeat, respirations, digestion of food, dilation and constriction of blood
vessels
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER fight or flight system and makes
adjustments to the body to compensate for increased physical activity
I.E. speeds up HR, increases RR and depth, dilates blood vessels in the muscles,
and constricts blood vessels in the digestive system
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER opposite of sympathetic nervous
system; slows the body down
I.E. slows HR and RR, constricts blood vessels in the muscles and dilates blood
vessels in the digestive system
ischemia - ANSWER decreased blood flow (generally caused by a blood clot)
occlusion - ANSWER blockage
lumen - ANSWER inside diameter of the artery
atherosclerosis - ANSWER a disorder in which calcium and fatty material called
cholesterol build up and form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, obstructing
flow and interfering with their ability to dilate or contract
thromboembolism - ANSWER a blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until
it reaches an area too narrow for it to pass, causing it to stop and block the blood
flow at that point
acute myocardial infraction (AMI) - ANSWER occurs when blood flow to the heart
muscle is abruptly cut off, causing tissue damage. usually the result of a blockage in
one or more of the coronary arteries.
heart attack
angina pectoris - ANSWER occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its
supply
i.e. heart tissues are not getting enough oxygen
alveoli; common of COPD
appears as - tripodding, barrel chest, pursed lips, increased residual volume
acute coronary syndrome - ANSWER sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply
to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
pneumothorax - ANSWER air or gas in the pleural cavity
atelectasis - ANSWER collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
COPD - ANSWER a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung
airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
hypoxic drive - ANSWER a "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in
the oxygen level in the blood.
diphtheria - ANSWER An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the
pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.
S/S: difficulty breathing/ swallowing, sore throat, thick, gray buildup in throat or nose,
fever
croup - ANSWER caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and
trachea; often secondary to an acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract and
is typically seen in children between the ages of 6 mnths and 3 yrs
S/S: seal-bark cough
Treatment: humidified oxygen
epiglottitis - ANSWER inflammation of the epiglottis; bacterial infection is the most
common cause
S/S: drooling, sore throat, high fever, tripod position
pulmonary edema - ANSWER A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of
congestive heart failure.
high BP and low cardiac output often trigger it
S/S: dyspnea, rapid/ shallow respirations, frothy pink sputum (severe)
pleural effusion (PE) - ANSWER fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the
chest; compressing the lung(s)
S/S: dyspnea, decreased breath sounds
pulmonary embolism - ANSWER a blood clot formed in the vein
S/S: dyspnea, cyanosis (severe), tachycardia, acute chest pain, hemoptysis,
tachypnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - ANSWER severe shortness of breath, especially at
night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe
atrium - ANSWER upper chamber; receives incoming blood
, ventricle - ANSWER lower chamber, pumps blood out of the heart
how blood moves through the heart - ANSWER blood from the vena cava enters the
right atrium (deoxygenated)
fills the right ventricle
blood flows into the pulmonary artery
into the lungs to become oxygenated
blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein
blood enters the left atrium
passes into the left ventricle
left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER part of the brain that controls the functions of
the body that do not require conscious thought
consists of: sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system
I.E. heartbeat, respirations, digestion of food, dilation and constriction of blood
vessels
sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER fight or flight system and makes
adjustments to the body to compensate for increased physical activity
I.E. speeds up HR, increases RR and depth, dilates blood vessels in the muscles,
and constricts blood vessels in the digestive system
parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER opposite of sympathetic nervous
system; slows the body down
I.E. slows HR and RR, constricts blood vessels in the muscles and dilates blood
vessels in the digestive system
ischemia - ANSWER decreased blood flow (generally caused by a blood clot)
occlusion - ANSWER blockage
lumen - ANSWER inside diameter of the artery
atherosclerosis - ANSWER a disorder in which calcium and fatty material called
cholesterol build up and form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, obstructing
flow and interfering with their ability to dilate or contract
thromboembolism - ANSWER a blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until
it reaches an area too narrow for it to pass, causing it to stop and block the blood
flow at that point
acute myocardial infraction (AMI) - ANSWER occurs when blood flow to the heart
muscle is abruptly cut off, causing tissue damage. usually the result of a blockage in
one or more of the coronary arteries.
heart attack
angina pectoris - ANSWER occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its
supply
i.e. heart tissues are not getting enough oxygen
