TEAS 7 science study guide
Plant and animal cells are both -
Eukaryotic
Plant and animal cells both contain a -
nucleus
In plant and animal cells, the nucleus is surrounded by -
Rough ER & Smooth ER
Both ER's hold ribosomes that -
send signals, carry out genetic processes and provide structural support to the cell
Smooth ER processes what? -
it contains enzymes that process Lipids (or fats) for cell use
Plant and animal cells both contain what organelle? -
Golgi apparatus
The golgi apparatus -
is responsible for modifying and sorting proteins from the ROUGH ER. (shipping &
mailing/receiving packages, distributer)
Both animal and plant cells contain peroxisomes in the cytoplasm that -
break down fatty acid chains
animal cells contain what organelle that helps break down other molecules to be recycled and
reused throughout the cell? -
Lysosomes
The mitochondria is found in what cells? -
plant and animal cells
organelles shared by plant and animal cells -
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria
Mitochondria -
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) metabolism and
production
cell membrane -
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell, a feature
shared by plant and animal cells
phospholipid bilayer -
A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes.
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,Chloroplast -
site of photosynthesis where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are turned into
energy for the cell to use
Vacuole -
Found only in plant cells, is an organelle that store water and other nutrients for the
cell to use
Overall, animal cells are smaller than plant cells - True/False -
True
Plant and animal cells both require energy to carry out cellular processes - true/false -
true
Plant cells use _________ to produce energy -
Photosynthesis
Animal cells use ________ to produce energy -
Oxygen dependent cellular respiration
What is the equation for photosynthesis? -
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Animals are indirect consumers of light energy - true/false -
true
What is the formula for cellular respiration? -
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Cellular respiration is made up of what four processes? -
glycolysis, the krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), electron transport chain and ATP
synthesis
Glycolysis takes place in the -
cytoplasm of the cell
what is produced during glycolysis? -
1 Glucose (C6H12O6) breaks down into 2 pyruvate molecules and 2 ATPs
The pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrial matrix and binds to ________________ to form
acetyl coenzyme A -
Coenzyme A
Once pyruvic acid binds to form Acetyl cornzyme A, where is it transported to? -
The mitochondrion
Acetyl CoA acts as a fuel source for _________ and undergoes a series of oxidation steps -
The krebs cycle
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, Between the two processes of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, ____CO2 molecules, ____
NADH molecules, and _____FADH2 molecules are produced in total -
6, 10, 2
During the electron transport chain, oxygen is reduced by -
NADH and FADH2
what is produced during cellular respiration as a whole? -
6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water and 36-38 molecules of ATP
Gregor mendel used what plant to understand basic genetic principles? -
Pea plants
Gregor mendel -
father of modern genetics
somatic cells undergo -
mitosis
Sex cells or gametes undergo -
Meiosis
When we are talking about mitosis we are talking about _____ cells only -
somatic
Mitosis is where a diploid cell or two copies of each chromosome divides to form two
identical diploid daughter cells T/F -
True
Mitosis produces -
identical diploid daughter cells
Meiosis -
where diploid cells undergo meiosis in two stages, meiosis I and meiosis II, resulting
in four haploid gametes
diploid means having -
two complete sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid refers to -
each cell having only one copy of each chromosome
Male gametes (or sperm) have -
An X and Y chromosome, undergo meiosis I and II to form four haploid cells that
will become diploid cells or zygotes once fertilized
Female gametes (or eggs) have -
Two X chromosomes, and undergo meiosis I and II to form four haploid cells that
will become diploid cells or zygotes once fertilized
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Plant and animal cells are both -
Eukaryotic
Plant and animal cells both contain a -
nucleus
In plant and animal cells, the nucleus is surrounded by -
Rough ER & Smooth ER
Both ER's hold ribosomes that -
send signals, carry out genetic processes and provide structural support to the cell
Smooth ER processes what? -
it contains enzymes that process Lipids (or fats) for cell use
Plant and animal cells both contain what organelle? -
Golgi apparatus
The golgi apparatus -
is responsible for modifying and sorting proteins from the ROUGH ER. (shipping &
mailing/receiving packages, distributer)
Both animal and plant cells contain peroxisomes in the cytoplasm that -
break down fatty acid chains
animal cells contain what organelle that helps break down other molecules to be recycled and
reused throughout the cell? -
Lysosomes
The mitochondria is found in what cells? -
plant and animal cells
organelles shared by plant and animal cells -
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria
Mitochondria -
Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) metabolism and
production
cell membrane -
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell, a feature
shared by plant and animal cells
phospholipid bilayer -
A double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes.
1|Page
,Chloroplast -
site of photosynthesis where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are turned into
energy for the cell to use
Vacuole -
Found only in plant cells, is an organelle that store water and other nutrients for the
cell to use
Overall, animal cells are smaller than plant cells - True/False -
True
Plant and animal cells both require energy to carry out cellular processes - true/false -
true
Plant cells use _________ to produce energy -
Photosynthesis
Animal cells use ________ to produce energy -
Oxygen dependent cellular respiration
What is the equation for photosynthesis? -
6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Animals are indirect consumers of light energy - true/false -
true
What is the formula for cellular respiration? -
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Cellular respiration is made up of what four processes? -
glycolysis, the krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), electron transport chain and ATP
synthesis
Glycolysis takes place in the -
cytoplasm of the cell
what is produced during glycolysis? -
1 Glucose (C6H12O6) breaks down into 2 pyruvate molecules and 2 ATPs
The pyruvic acid enters the mitochondrial matrix and binds to ________________ to form
acetyl coenzyme A -
Coenzyme A
Once pyruvic acid binds to form Acetyl cornzyme A, where is it transported to? -
The mitochondrion
Acetyl CoA acts as a fuel source for _________ and undergoes a series of oxidation steps -
The krebs cycle
2|Page
, Between the two processes of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, ____CO2 molecules, ____
NADH molecules, and _____FADH2 molecules are produced in total -
6, 10, 2
During the electron transport chain, oxygen is reduced by -
NADH and FADH2
what is produced during cellular respiration as a whole? -
6 molecules of carbon dioxide, 6 molecules of water and 36-38 molecules of ATP
Gregor mendel used what plant to understand basic genetic principles? -
Pea plants
Gregor mendel -
father of modern genetics
somatic cells undergo -
mitosis
Sex cells or gametes undergo -
Meiosis
When we are talking about mitosis we are talking about _____ cells only -
somatic
Mitosis is where a diploid cell or two copies of each chromosome divides to form two
identical diploid daughter cells T/F -
True
Mitosis produces -
identical diploid daughter cells
Meiosis -
where diploid cells undergo meiosis in two stages, meiosis I and meiosis II, resulting
in four haploid gametes
diploid means having -
two complete sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid refers to -
each cell having only one copy of each chromosome
Male gametes (or sperm) have -
An X and Y chromosome, undergo meiosis I and II to form four haploid cells that
will become diploid cells or zygotes once fertilized
Female gametes (or eggs) have -
Two X chromosomes, and undergo meiosis I and II to form four haploid cells that
will become diploid cells or zygotes once fertilized
3|Page
