Sam Piedad
Mr. Pirkle
AP Euro. - Unit 7
2/11/23
1. 2nd Industrial Revolution
From iron to steel
- Puddling process - Expensive process melting ↑ quality iron for a week
- Bessemer process (Bessemer) - Cheaper process melting lower quality iron for a day →
Skyscrapers, sewing machines
Electricity
- Siemens “dynamo” (1866, Siemens) - Electric/direct current (DC)
- Tesla makes polyphase AC Generators (1886)
Will Perkin accidentally makes synthetic dyes (1856)
Bosch & Haber (Made mustard gas) make fixed nitrogen for fertilizer (and later bombs)
Alfred Nobel - Dynamite (1866) & Nobel Prize
Communications
- Two-way telephone (1876) - Alex. Gram Bell (Originally Antionio Meucci)
- 1901, went wireless by Marconi
Medicare
- Pasteur - Pasteurization & germ theory
- Koch - Germ culture
- Lister - Disinfectant → Listerine
- Anesthesia
2. Urbanization & Urban Planning
By 1913…
- USA is in the lead, Germany takes over the UK, & France & Russia at the end
- Institutional development, cartels, modernization & pop. ↑
Haussmann redid infrastructure under Napoleon III in Paris
Urbanization’s consequences (Ex. New York City)
- Crowding
- ↑ property crimes
- Health & sanitation problems
- Social conflict
…Responses
- Support - Philanthropy (Ex. Soup kitchens, shelters, etc.)
- Discussion - Investigation (Edwin Chadwick)
- Government action - Municipal Corporations Act (1835, elected responsible, city
governments), General Register Office (1837, stats analysis & tracking)
3. 2nd Industrial Revolution
Changing realities
- ↑ wages, life-expectancy, growing middle class
- Entertainment, childhoods, cocaine
- Women becomes domestic wives, leading to…
The women question - “What now that we don't work?”
- Options 0 Marriage, domestic service, convent
- Closed - Schooling
↑ of family planning clinics → Birth control (Dr. Alette Jacobs, 1882)
Mr. Pirkle
AP Euro. - Unit 7
2/11/23
1. 2nd Industrial Revolution
From iron to steel
- Puddling process - Expensive process melting ↑ quality iron for a week
- Bessemer process (Bessemer) - Cheaper process melting lower quality iron for a day →
Skyscrapers, sewing machines
Electricity
- Siemens “dynamo” (1866, Siemens) - Electric/direct current (DC)
- Tesla makes polyphase AC Generators (1886)
Will Perkin accidentally makes synthetic dyes (1856)
Bosch & Haber (Made mustard gas) make fixed nitrogen for fertilizer (and later bombs)
Alfred Nobel - Dynamite (1866) & Nobel Prize
Communications
- Two-way telephone (1876) - Alex. Gram Bell (Originally Antionio Meucci)
- 1901, went wireless by Marconi
Medicare
- Pasteur - Pasteurization & germ theory
- Koch - Germ culture
- Lister - Disinfectant → Listerine
- Anesthesia
2. Urbanization & Urban Planning
By 1913…
- USA is in the lead, Germany takes over the UK, & France & Russia at the end
- Institutional development, cartels, modernization & pop. ↑
Haussmann redid infrastructure under Napoleon III in Paris
Urbanization’s consequences (Ex. New York City)
- Crowding
- ↑ property crimes
- Health & sanitation problems
- Social conflict
…Responses
- Support - Philanthropy (Ex. Soup kitchens, shelters, etc.)
- Discussion - Investigation (Edwin Chadwick)
- Government action - Municipal Corporations Act (1835, elected responsible, city
governments), General Register Office (1837, stats analysis & tracking)
3. 2nd Industrial Revolution
Changing realities
- ↑ wages, life-expectancy, growing middle class
- Entertainment, childhoods, cocaine
- Women becomes domestic wives, leading to…
The women question - “What now that we don't work?”
- Options 0 Marriage, domestic service, convent
- Closed - Schooling
↑ of family planning clinics → Birth control (Dr. Alette Jacobs, 1882)
