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The Structure of the Nervous
System: Noradrenergic
Neurotransmission
Created @January 21, 2025 3:27 PM
Class Principles to Neuroscience and Pharmacology
Catecholamines
Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter
Made by neurons
Released by action potential
Adrenaline
Secreted by adrenal medulla, a adrenal gland
Flows in the blood stream to different organs
Dopamine
Used to create ATP in catabolic or anabolic pathways
a neurotransmitter in CNS
Endogenous amines
Isoproterenerol
Synthetic form of NA
One of the earliest drugs formed by Pharmaceuticals
The Structure of the Nervous System: Noradrenergic Neurotransmission 1
, Adrenergic Receptors
Alpha 1/ Alpha 2
Steps:
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
Isoprenaline
Binds selectively to receptors
Beta 1/2
Greater affinity to adrenaline
Beta 2 relaxes muscles
Isoproterenol
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Effects and Examples of Adrenergic Receptor Activation
Activation of Alpha 1 and Beta 1 Receptors Produce Excitation
Alpha 1- Smooth muscle vasoconstriction (Narrowing of blood vessels
leading to high blood pressure)
Beta 1- Increased contraction rate or force in the cardiac muscle
Activation of Alpha 2 and Beta 2 Receptors Cause Inhibition
Alpha 2- Less insulin secretion from beta cells (Auto receptor)
Beta 2- Airway dilation due to relaxing of muscle fibres
Beta 3 receptors are present in brown adipose tissue, maintains
homeostasis. Thermogenesis (Heat regulation) and lipolysis
(Triaglycerol breakdown via glycolysis)
The Structure of the Nervous System: Noradrenergic Neurotransmission 2
The Structure of the Nervous
System: Noradrenergic
Neurotransmission
Created @January 21, 2025 3:27 PM
Class Principles to Neuroscience and Pharmacology
Catecholamines
Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter
Made by neurons
Released by action potential
Adrenaline
Secreted by adrenal medulla, a adrenal gland
Flows in the blood stream to different organs
Dopamine
Used to create ATP in catabolic or anabolic pathways
a neurotransmitter in CNS
Endogenous amines
Isoproterenerol
Synthetic form of NA
One of the earliest drugs formed by Pharmaceuticals
The Structure of the Nervous System: Noradrenergic Neurotransmission 1
, Adrenergic Receptors
Alpha 1/ Alpha 2
Steps:
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
Isoprenaline
Binds selectively to receptors
Beta 1/2
Greater affinity to adrenaline
Beta 2 relaxes muscles
Isoproterenol
Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Effects and Examples of Adrenergic Receptor Activation
Activation of Alpha 1 and Beta 1 Receptors Produce Excitation
Alpha 1- Smooth muscle vasoconstriction (Narrowing of blood vessels
leading to high blood pressure)
Beta 1- Increased contraction rate or force in the cardiac muscle
Activation of Alpha 2 and Beta 2 Receptors Cause Inhibition
Alpha 2- Less insulin secretion from beta cells (Auto receptor)
Beta 2- Airway dilation due to relaxing of muscle fibres
Beta 3 receptors are present in brown adipose tissue, maintains
homeostasis. Thermogenesis (Heat regulation) and lipolysis
(Triaglycerol breakdown via glycolysis)
The Structure of the Nervous System: Noradrenergic Neurotransmission 2
