set of research ethics principles for human experimentation set as a result of
Nuremberg Trials @ end of WWII
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Nuremberg code
,deaths that would be completely preventable w/the tools already available to the
fortunate few
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Farmer: stupid deaths
- twinning raises questions about standard Catholic claim of personhood from point
of conception
- line at which individual life begins = fuzzy
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Cahill's critique of Catholic perspective on abortion
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
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B&C's prima facie principles
assumption that there is not one "better" intervention present during the design of a
randomized controlled trial
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, clinical equipoise
- racism can be reflected in individual actors, but also pervades structures (healthcare
systems, policies, etc.)
- failure to account for race + class dimensions in design, execution, + evaluation of
experiment
- social acceptability of racialist narratives in medicine
- value of human life subjugated to the pursuit of scientific knowledge
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Townes' analysis of Tuskegee syphilis experiment +
race/class/marginalization + medical responsibility
benefit others
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beneficence
France + Spain: presumed consent + mandated choice
- presumed donors unless you opt out
- requires citizens to affirmatively indicate donation pref
Iran: organ commoditization
- legal organ market
Singapore + Israel: donor priority + tax breaks
- non-monetary incentives used
Nuremberg Trials @ end of WWII
Give this one a try later!
Nuremberg code
,deaths that would be completely preventable w/the tools already available to the
fortunate few
Give this one a try later!
Farmer: stupid deaths
- twinning raises questions about standard Catholic claim of personhood from point
of conception
- line at which individual life begins = fuzzy
Give this one a try later!
Cahill's critique of Catholic perspective on abortion
autonomy
nonmaleficence
beneficence
justice
Give this one a try later!
B&C's prima facie principles
assumption that there is not one "better" intervention present during the design of a
randomized controlled trial
Give this one a try later!
, clinical equipoise
- racism can be reflected in individual actors, but also pervades structures (healthcare
systems, policies, etc.)
- failure to account for race + class dimensions in design, execution, + evaluation of
experiment
- social acceptability of racialist narratives in medicine
- value of human life subjugated to the pursuit of scientific knowledge
Give this one a try later!
Townes' analysis of Tuskegee syphilis experiment +
race/class/marginalization + medical responsibility
benefit others
Give this one a try later!
beneficence
France + Spain: presumed consent + mandated choice
- presumed donors unless you opt out
- requires citizens to affirmatively indicate donation pref
Iran: organ commoditization
- legal organ market
Singapore + Israel: donor priority + tax breaks
- non-monetary incentives used
