Science of Teaching Reading
Constructed Response Questions &
Answers.
Foundational Reading Skills - CORRECT ANSWER phonemic awareness skills, phonics skills, recognition
of high-frequency words, syllabication skills, morphemic analysis skills, automaticity, reading fluency
(accuracy, rate, and prosody)
Reading Comprehension Skills - CORRECT ANSWER vocabulary knowledge; knowledge of sentence and
grammatical structures; application of literal, inferential, or evaluative comprehension skills; use of
comprehension strategies; application of text analysis skills to a literary or informational text
Exhibit - CORRECT ANSWER Data from fictitious scenario
Letter-Naming Fluency (LNF) - CORRECT ANSWER A student is given assorted uppercase and lowercase
letters on a paper in random order. Given one minute, the student is told to identify as many letters on
the paper as possible.
Phonemic-Segmentation Fluency (PSF) - CORRECT ANSWER The teacher says a 3 or 4-phoneme word
and the student is to segment the word into its individual phonemes. In one minute, the student must
segment as many words as possible. The student receives one point for each correctly segmented
phoneme (e.g., cop segmented as /c/ /ŏ/ /p/ would score 3 points, whereas cop segmented as /c/ [ŏp]
would score only 1 point).
Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) - CORRECT ANSWER A list of fake words is given to the student. Each
word contains particular phonics elements that are decodable by the typical student in the given grade-
level. Given one minute, the student decodes as many words as possible.
Types of Exhibits - CORRECT ANSWER Introduction, passage reading assessment, fluency data, and
comprehension assessment
Introduction - CORRECT ANSWER Provides the student's name, age, first language, and what time of the
school year these exhibits come from
, Word-Reading Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER The teacher asked the student to read aloud from a list
of words given to them. You will be given a list of words with either checks when read accurately and
automatically or the phonetic transcription for errors.
Passage-Reading Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER The teacher met with the student and asked them to
read the title and text of a passage. You will be given a video of the student reading. You can pause,
stop, and replay the video as necessary. You will also be given the text form of the passage. You should
follow along with the text as you watch the video to identify the student's miscues.
Comprehension Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER The teacher read a passage aloud to the student and
discussed it with him. You will be given the passage read and a transcript of the conversation.
Strategy - CORRECT ANSWER Study, sketch, review, outline, write, check
Step One: Study - CORRECT ANSWER look over the assignment and decide the foundational and reading
comprehension areas of weakness (ex: morphemic analysis and identifying the main idea) Remember to
go pretty quickly here. You are just familiarizing yourself with what is being provided and identifying the
weaknesses.
Step Two: Sketch - CORRECT ANSWER create a three-column list for these two weaknesses: Evidence:
list the specific issues (found in the exhibits) the student had under this skill. Instructional strategies: list
the instructional strategies to address each need in the scenario. Effectiveness: list why each
instructional strategy supports the issue.
Step Three: Review - CORRECT ANSWER look over the provided exhibits and enhance your list.
Confirm that you have evidence from every exhibit
Step Four: Outline - CORRECT ANSWER use the bulleted list of tasks and your list to generate your
outline (see next section). We suggest you type your outline into the response box so that you can use it
as a skeleton to elaborate upon without losing time re-typing information.
Step Five: Write - CORRECT ANSWER take your typed outline and flesh it out into a clear response
Constructed Response Questions &
Answers.
Foundational Reading Skills - CORRECT ANSWER phonemic awareness skills, phonics skills, recognition
of high-frequency words, syllabication skills, morphemic analysis skills, automaticity, reading fluency
(accuracy, rate, and prosody)
Reading Comprehension Skills - CORRECT ANSWER vocabulary knowledge; knowledge of sentence and
grammatical structures; application of literal, inferential, or evaluative comprehension skills; use of
comprehension strategies; application of text analysis skills to a literary or informational text
Exhibit - CORRECT ANSWER Data from fictitious scenario
Letter-Naming Fluency (LNF) - CORRECT ANSWER A student is given assorted uppercase and lowercase
letters on a paper in random order. Given one minute, the student is told to identify as many letters on
the paper as possible.
Phonemic-Segmentation Fluency (PSF) - CORRECT ANSWER The teacher says a 3 or 4-phoneme word
and the student is to segment the word into its individual phonemes. In one minute, the student must
segment as many words as possible. The student receives one point for each correctly segmented
phoneme (e.g., cop segmented as /c/ /ŏ/ /p/ would score 3 points, whereas cop segmented as /c/ [ŏp]
would score only 1 point).
Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) - CORRECT ANSWER A list of fake words is given to the student. Each
word contains particular phonics elements that are decodable by the typical student in the given grade-
level. Given one minute, the student decodes as many words as possible.
Types of Exhibits - CORRECT ANSWER Introduction, passage reading assessment, fluency data, and
comprehension assessment
Introduction - CORRECT ANSWER Provides the student's name, age, first language, and what time of the
school year these exhibits come from
, Word-Reading Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER The teacher asked the student to read aloud from a list
of words given to them. You will be given a list of words with either checks when read accurately and
automatically or the phonetic transcription for errors.
Passage-Reading Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER The teacher met with the student and asked them to
read the title and text of a passage. You will be given a video of the student reading. You can pause,
stop, and replay the video as necessary. You will also be given the text form of the passage. You should
follow along with the text as you watch the video to identify the student's miscues.
Comprehension Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER The teacher read a passage aloud to the student and
discussed it with him. You will be given the passage read and a transcript of the conversation.
Strategy - CORRECT ANSWER Study, sketch, review, outline, write, check
Step One: Study - CORRECT ANSWER look over the assignment and decide the foundational and reading
comprehension areas of weakness (ex: morphemic analysis and identifying the main idea) Remember to
go pretty quickly here. You are just familiarizing yourself with what is being provided and identifying the
weaknesses.
Step Two: Sketch - CORRECT ANSWER create a three-column list for these two weaknesses: Evidence:
list the specific issues (found in the exhibits) the student had under this skill. Instructional strategies: list
the instructional strategies to address each need in the scenario. Effectiveness: list why each
instructional strategy supports the issue.
Step Three: Review - CORRECT ANSWER look over the provided exhibits and enhance your list.
Confirm that you have evidence from every exhibit
Step Four: Outline - CORRECT ANSWER use the bulleted list of tasks and your list to generate your
outline (see next section). We suggest you type your outline into the response box so that you can use it
as a skeleton to elaborate upon without losing time re-typing information.
Step Five: Write - CORRECT ANSWER take your typed outline and flesh it out into a clear response
