2025 update| EDF 6223 | UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE FREQUENT MOST-TESTED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS/SOLUTIONS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
what is the key to using the multiple-opportunity method for a task analysis
assessment?
ensuring that teaching is not commingled with assessment
-if the learner is unable to perform a task, the behavior analyst would complete that step,
position the learner for the next step, and continue with remaining steps
forward chaining
the behaviors identified in the task analysis are taught in their naturally occurring order
-reinforcement is delivered when the predetermined criterion for the performance of the
first behavior in the sequence is achieved
-each succeeding step requires the cumulative performance of all previous steps in the
correct order
longer chains of behavior can be broken down into
smaller chains, or skill clusters, each of which can be taught in a manner similar to that
used with a single response unit
-when one skill cluster is mastered, it's linked to the next
-the final response in the first skill cluster sets the occasion for the first response in the
second skill cluster
3 advantages of forward chaining
1. it can be used to link smaller chains into larger ones
2. it's easy, so teacher implementation in the classroom is enhanced
3. it can be combined with other behavior change procedures (e.g., fading)
limitations of forward chaining
extinction of the chain due to lack of reinforcement or the weakening of a Sd; or retaining
the learner in an intervention longer than necessary and hampering progress on additional
skills to be learned
total-task chaining
a variation of forward chaining in which the learner receives training on each step in the
task analysis during every session
-the trainer provides assistance for any steps the learner is unable to perform
independently, and the chain is trained until the learner is able to perform all the behaviors
in the sequence to the predetermined criterion
, backward chaining
all the behaviors identified in the task analysis are initially completed by the trainer, except
for the final behavior in the chain
-when the learner performs the final behavior in the sequence at the predetermined
criterion level, reinforcement is delivered
-the sequence proceeds backward through the chain until all the steps in the task analysis
have been introduced in reverse order and practiced cumulatively
what is a primary advantage of backward chaining?
the learner contacts the chain's terminal reinforcer on every instructional trial
-as a direct outcome of reinforcement, the stimulus that is present at the time of
reinforcement increases its discriminative properties
-the repeated reinforcement of all behaviors in the chain increases the discriminative
capability of all the stimuli associated with these behaviors and with the reinforcer
what is the main disadvantage of backward chaining?
the potential passive participation of the learner in earlier steps in the chain may limit the
total number of responses made during any given training session
backward chaining with leaps ahead
follows essentially the same procedure as backward chaining, except that not every step in
the task analysis is trained. selected steps are simply probed
-tasks that the learner can perform are skipped and the learner moves on to the next
unmastered task, thereby decreasing total training time for the chain
unchaining
occurs when, in the case of a two-response chain, R2 produces reinforcement not only in
the presence of S2 (as usual) but also in the absence of S2
-not as powerful and immediate as extinction and satiation
extinction (chaining)
the practitioner withholds reinforcement for one or more responses in the chain
satiation (chaining)
the practitioner provides unlimited access to the reinforcer (an AO) for the last response in
the chain
-the chain's final response will likely abate because of the decreased effectiveness of the
reinforcer
-responses earlier in the chain would be expected to decrease as well because the
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS/SOLUTIONS|GET IT 100% ACCURATE!!
what is the key to using the multiple-opportunity method for a task analysis
assessment?
ensuring that teaching is not commingled with assessment
-if the learner is unable to perform a task, the behavior analyst would complete that step,
position the learner for the next step, and continue with remaining steps
forward chaining
the behaviors identified in the task analysis are taught in their naturally occurring order
-reinforcement is delivered when the predetermined criterion for the performance of the
first behavior in the sequence is achieved
-each succeeding step requires the cumulative performance of all previous steps in the
correct order
longer chains of behavior can be broken down into
smaller chains, or skill clusters, each of which can be taught in a manner similar to that
used with a single response unit
-when one skill cluster is mastered, it's linked to the next
-the final response in the first skill cluster sets the occasion for the first response in the
second skill cluster
3 advantages of forward chaining
1. it can be used to link smaller chains into larger ones
2. it's easy, so teacher implementation in the classroom is enhanced
3. it can be combined with other behavior change procedures (e.g., fading)
limitations of forward chaining
extinction of the chain due to lack of reinforcement or the weakening of a Sd; or retaining
the learner in an intervention longer than necessary and hampering progress on additional
skills to be learned
total-task chaining
a variation of forward chaining in which the learner receives training on each step in the
task analysis during every session
-the trainer provides assistance for any steps the learner is unable to perform
independently, and the chain is trained until the learner is able to perform all the behaviors
in the sequence to the predetermined criterion
, backward chaining
all the behaviors identified in the task analysis are initially completed by the trainer, except
for the final behavior in the chain
-when the learner performs the final behavior in the sequence at the predetermined
criterion level, reinforcement is delivered
-the sequence proceeds backward through the chain until all the steps in the task analysis
have been introduced in reverse order and practiced cumulatively
what is a primary advantage of backward chaining?
the learner contacts the chain's terminal reinforcer on every instructional trial
-as a direct outcome of reinforcement, the stimulus that is present at the time of
reinforcement increases its discriminative properties
-the repeated reinforcement of all behaviors in the chain increases the discriminative
capability of all the stimuli associated with these behaviors and with the reinforcer
what is the main disadvantage of backward chaining?
the potential passive participation of the learner in earlier steps in the chain may limit the
total number of responses made during any given training session
backward chaining with leaps ahead
follows essentially the same procedure as backward chaining, except that not every step in
the task analysis is trained. selected steps are simply probed
-tasks that the learner can perform are skipped and the learner moves on to the next
unmastered task, thereby decreasing total training time for the chain
unchaining
occurs when, in the case of a two-response chain, R2 produces reinforcement not only in
the presence of S2 (as usual) but also in the absence of S2
-not as powerful and immediate as extinction and satiation
extinction (chaining)
the practitioner withholds reinforcement for one or more responses in the chain
satiation (chaining)
the practitioner provides unlimited access to the reinforcer (an AO) for the last response in
the chain
-the chain's final response will likely abate because of the decreased effectiveness of the
reinforcer
-responses earlier in the chain would be expected to decrease as well because the
