STR FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE TEST.
Phonology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of sound patterns and their meaning, it observes sound
patterns across a language (Ex. Phonetics how the letter t in the word tip is spoken)
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of words, the structure of words (ex. Stems, prefixes,
suffixes)
Syntax - CORRECT ANSWER The formation of words into sentences (Ex. subject + verb + direct object
formula)
Lexicon - CORRECT ANSWER The set of meaningful vocabulary in a language (ex. A dictionary)
Semantics - CORRECT ANSWER study of meaning. Ex.) destination and last stop. (They mean the same
thing)
Phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER Smallest unit of sound (ex. letter sounds, "c")
Phonological Awareness - CORRECT ANSWER identifying and manipulating oral language. (sound
structure of words)
Morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER - The smallest unit of language (ex. Prefix like pre, or suffix like -ed)
Syllables - CORRECT ANSWER Sound units in language that include a vowel typically surrounded by a
consonant. Ex.) "book" - 1 syllable, "reading" 2 syllables
R Controlled Syllables - CORRECT ANSWER A syllable with a vowel which is controlled by the letter "r" or
the /r/ sound. Ex.) Tar, far, car, bar, star
Onset - CORRECT ANSWER the initial phonological unit of any word (c in cat)
, Rime - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the string of letters that follow (example: at in cat)
Blending - CORRECT ANSWER a way of decoding words and building the different sounds together. (ex.
Breakfast and lunch to brunch or m-o-m- to mom)
Segmenting - CORRECT ANSWER this involves hearing a word and splitting it up into phonemes, into
individual sounds (example: r-u-n)
Substitution in a Running Record - CORRECT ANSWER the student substitutes a word in the text for
another word and replaces the original word (Example: child reads went instead of want in text without
correcting themselves)
Omission in a Running Record - CORRECT ANSWER the students leave out a word or a phrase in a
sentence when reading it. Example: In the sentence, "The family went to the park.", the student leaves
out the "the" in the sentence reading " The family went to park."
Addition in a Running Record - CORRECT ANSWER The student adds in a word or phrase in the text that
wasn't there. (EX: The dog ran in the park. The student reads 'The dog ran fast in the park.')
Graphemes - CORRECT ANSWER letters that represent a sound (ex. th or -ch) is the smallest unit in the
writing system
Consonant - CORRECT ANSWER A basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed
and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable. (EX: B, T, H, and G)
Open Syllable - CORRECT ANSWER A word that ends with a vowel (ex. He)
Multisyllabic words - CORRECT ANSWER has more than one vowel or syllable sound. (ex. Bacon,
basketball, anybody
Graphophonemic Skills - CORRECT ANSWER recognition of letters and the understanding of sound-
symbol relationships and spelling patterns. Often referred to as phonics.
Phonology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of sound patterns and their meaning, it observes sound
patterns across a language (Ex. Phonetics how the letter t in the word tip is spoken)
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWER The study of words, the structure of words (ex. Stems, prefixes,
suffixes)
Syntax - CORRECT ANSWER The formation of words into sentences (Ex. subject + verb + direct object
formula)
Lexicon - CORRECT ANSWER The set of meaningful vocabulary in a language (ex. A dictionary)
Semantics - CORRECT ANSWER study of meaning. Ex.) destination and last stop. (They mean the same
thing)
Phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER Smallest unit of sound (ex. letter sounds, "c")
Phonological Awareness - CORRECT ANSWER identifying and manipulating oral language. (sound
structure of words)
Morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER - The smallest unit of language (ex. Prefix like pre, or suffix like -ed)
Syllables - CORRECT ANSWER Sound units in language that include a vowel typically surrounded by a
consonant. Ex.) "book" - 1 syllable, "reading" 2 syllables
R Controlled Syllables - CORRECT ANSWER A syllable with a vowel which is controlled by the letter "r" or
the /r/ sound. Ex.) Tar, far, car, bar, star
Onset - CORRECT ANSWER the initial phonological unit of any word (c in cat)
, Rime - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the string of letters that follow (example: at in cat)
Blending - CORRECT ANSWER a way of decoding words and building the different sounds together. (ex.
Breakfast and lunch to brunch or m-o-m- to mom)
Segmenting - CORRECT ANSWER this involves hearing a word and splitting it up into phonemes, into
individual sounds (example: r-u-n)
Substitution in a Running Record - CORRECT ANSWER the student substitutes a word in the text for
another word and replaces the original word (Example: child reads went instead of want in text without
correcting themselves)
Omission in a Running Record - CORRECT ANSWER the students leave out a word or a phrase in a
sentence when reading it. Example: In the sentence, "The family went to the park.", the student leaves
out the "the" in the sentence reading " The family went to park."
Addition in a Running Record - CORRECT ANSWER The student adds in a word or phrase in the text that
wasn't there. (EX: The dog ran in the park. The student reads 'The dog ran fast in the park.')
Graphemes - CORRECT ANSWER letters that represent a sound (ex. th or -ch) is the smallest unit in the
writing system
Consonant - CORRECT ANSWER A basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed
and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable. (EX: B, T, H, and G)
Open Syllable - CORRECT ANSWER A word that ends with a vowel (ex. He)
Multisyllabic words - CORRECT ANSWER has more than one vowel or syllable sound. (ex. Bacon,
basketball, anybody
Graphophonemic Skills - CORRECT ANSWER recognition of letters and the understanding of sound-
symbol relationships and spelling patterns. Often referred to as phonics.
